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Course # / Title: |
CRN 10099, AET 1380.07 - Survey of Recording Technology |
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Course Credit Hours: |
3 hrs. |
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Semester: |
Fall 2008 |
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Instructor: |
Mr. Michael Poston |
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Instructor Contacts: |
(615) 883-8996, postonm@mail.belmont.edu, mike@epool.com |
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Instructor Office Hours: |
9:30am – 5:00pm M-F - 615-883-8996 |
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Class Location: |
MCREMSB25 (Massey Center R. E. Mulloy Studios, Room B25) |
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Meeting Time(s): |
8:00-9:15pm TR |
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Final Exam: |
Thursday, Dec. 11th, 2008, 8:00am (Room B25) |
Course Description: A study of the major areas of recording technology as related to the music industry. The student receives an overview of analog and digital technology with attention to its innovations, history, and effect on the music industry.
Course Outcomes: At the end of this course the student will be able to:
ú Identify and recall significant events and individuals that have influenced recording technology from 1844 to the present.
ú Describe and implement basic procedures used in the recording process.
ú Recognize and appraise differences in audio examples using critical listening skills.
ú Apply and interpret a technical vocabulary.
ú Demonstrate fundamental knowledge and basic skill manipulating entry-level professional recording equipment.
Performance Tasks: During this course the student will:
ú read audio related supplemental articles and web-linked assigned reading.
ú associate recording devices, mediums, and their inventors chronologically in a historical timeline.
ú categorize facts from the acoustic, electrical, and digital eras.
ú identify microphone placement, characteristics, and miking techniques.
ú describe the power of the dB.
ú list characteristics of analog tape.
ú explain how multi-track recording changed the production of music.
ú explain the difference between a bit, byte, megabyte, gigabyte, and terrabyte.
ú relate the Nyquist Theory to the vibration cycle of a waveform.
ú list steps in the encoding and decoding of a digital signal.
ú list current digital formats.
ú explain the advantages of the digital workstation.
ú explain how the ear works.
ú describe the basic principles of auditory perception.
ú identify the properties of sound and how it behaves in a room.
ú plot differences in frequency and dB.
ú calculate harmonics, wavelength, and octaves using frequency.
ú differentiate the envelope of a sound from the life cycle of a sound.
ú recognize the time difference between delay and reverb.
ú recognize the effect of a signal that is in and out-of-phase.
ú identify recording methods used during the recording process.
ú describe how the phonautograph, phonograph, and the telegraphone work.
ú recognize and explain the function of specific audio equipment used in the recording studio.
ú practice signal flow.
ú describe how the speaker works.
ú describe how the tape recorder works.
ú explain the basics of digital audio.
ú calculate differences in bit word length, bandwidth of sample rates, and dynamic range.
ú identify digital and computer interfaces.
ú create a stereo mix from a pre-recorded 8 track multi-track project.
ú create a final recording project using classroom equipment, or
ú create a class presentation based on a product that demonstrates how technology is in a state of change.
Assessment Tools: During this course, outcomes mastery will be evaluated by:
ú short answer quizzes and multiple-choice tests based on lectures, assigned readings, and class listening examples.
ú written observations of studio recording sessions.
ú completion of a collaborative mix project.
ú completion of a collaborative final recording project or class presentation.
ú a comprehensive written exam based on lectures, assigned readings, and listening.
Testing & Assignments:
|
Activity |
Credit |
Purpose/Description |
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1. Quizzes (6 @ 10pts each) |
6 % |
Based on reading assignments, lectures, and listening. Quizzes will assess the student’s knowledge of the topic. Quiz format is short answer or fill in the blank. |
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2. Comprehensive Tests (4 @ 100 pts each) |
40 % |
Based on reading assignments, lectures and listening. Comprehensive tests will assess the depth of the student’s knowledge of the topic. Each test is a series of multiple-choice questions. |
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3. Written Observations (4 @ 30 pts each) |
12 % |
A pre-formatted three-page report demonstrates the application of knowledge gained from observing (4) studio recording sessions. Grading is achieved by an observation rubric. |
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4. Mix Project (100 pts) |
10 % |
A collaborative group mix project demonstrates the student’s ability to use classroom studio equipment. Grading is achieved by a mix rubric. |
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5a. Final Recording Project (120 pts) |
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A collaborative group recording project demonstrates the student’s ability to record a song using classroom studio equipment. Accompanied by a three-page report documenting procedure, the report and mix are graded using a final project rubric. |
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or |
12% |
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5b. Class Presentation (120 pts) |
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In lieu of a final recording project, students will present a 10min PPT presentation accompanied by a five-page report of a product that demonstrates how recording technology is changing. Paper must cite a minimum of (5) references and use MLA format. |
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6. Final Exam (200 pts) |
20 % |
A comprehensive test of multiple-choice questions and short answers is used to measure the student’s composite knowledge of topics covered from lectures, readings, equipment use, and listening. |
Course & Classroom Policies:
Attendance & Participation:
Class attendance follows university policy as stated in the current Undergraduate Bulletin. Class participation is expected; attendance and absence will be noted.
http://www.belmont.edu/catalog/undergrad2008jun/apolicy/index.html
Points (%) will be deducted from the final grade for unexcused absences. 1 absence, 1.5%; 2 absences, 3%; 3 absences, 4.5%; 4 absences, 6%; 5 absences, 7.5%; 6 absences, 9%; 7 absences, 10.5%; 8 absences, 12%; 9 absences, 13.5%; 10 absences, the student will be dropped from the class with a failing grade (WF).
Materials:
Audio in Media, 7th Edition, Stanley R. Alten, Thomson, Wadsworth.
America on Record; A History of Recorded Sound, 2nd Edition, Andre Millard, Cambridge Press.
A class notebook/binder and several blank CD-R’s for class projects will be needed.
PLEASE NOTE: America On Record is a required purchase and is available in the BU bookstore. Audio in Media, 7th Edition is a recommended purchase and is no longer available from the publisher. You are encouraged to find a used text, or purchase individual chapters via ichapters.com at:
https://www.ichapters.com/tl1/en/US/storefront/ichapters?cmd=catProductDetail&showAddButton=true&ISBN=978-0-534-63046-1 The following chapters are covered in this course. 1) Ears, 2) Physics & Psychophysics, 3) Acoustics & Psychoacoustics, 4) Microphones, 5) Consoles & Control Surfaces, 6) Recording, 8) Signal Processors, 9) Loudspeakers & Monitoring, and 13) Music Production.
All students are expected to prepare and contribute to class discussions. Specific class activities, lecture notes, reminders, and reviews are updated frequently using Blackboard. Additional class readings and website links are available on the class website. http://campus.belmont.edu/mb/AET1380/
You are expected to complete reading and study of textbook chapter assignments as noted in the daily class schedule. Additional material given via handouts and class PPT lecture notes (available for print via Blackboard) will require an organized binder. A #2 pencil will be needed for quizzes and multiple-choice tests. Observation of four recording sessions at designated intervals with detailed reports will be required. Additionally, all students will complete a collaborative mix project, a final recording project, or a class presentation.
Grade Evaluation: As per CEMB policy, the grade assignment scale for this course is:
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Grade |
Percent (GPA) |
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A |
94 (4.0) |
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A- |
90 (3.7) |
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B+ |
87 (3.3) |
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B |
84 (3.0) |
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B- |
80 (2.7) |
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C+ |
77 (2.3) |
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C |
74 (2.0) |
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C- |
70 (1.7) |
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Final grades below 70 % will not apply to the major. |
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D+ |
67 |
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D |
64 |
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D- |
60 |
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F |
< 60 |
All test dates are noted in the class schedule. Quizzes may be unannounced. No makeup tests or quizzes will be given. The final test is a comprehensive exam. Test dates may be subject to change with exception of the final exam. No electronic devices of any kind maybe used during exams. Opportunity to earn extra credit in the amount of 4% may be given during the semester and added to your final grade.
Honor Code: It is the responsibility of each student to abide by the Belmont University Honor Code. “In affirmation of the Belmont University Statement of Values, I pledge that I will not give or receive aid during examinations; I will not give or receive false or impermissible aid in course work, in the preparation of reports, or in any other type of work that is to be used by the instructor as the basis of my grade; I will not engage in any form of academic fraud. Furthermore, I will uphold my responsibility to sees to it that others abide by the spirit and letter of this Honor Pledge.”
Accommodation of Disabilities: In compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act, Belmont University will provide reasonable accommodation of all medically documented disabilities. If you have a disability and would like the university to provide reasonable accommodations of the disability during this course, please notify the Office of the Dean of Students located in Beaman Student Life Center (460-6407) as soon as possible.
Class Schedule Summary:
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Key Dates |
Activity |
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Aug 28 – Thurs |
Introduction |
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Sept 1 – Mon |
LABOR DAY – NO CLASS |
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Sept 18 – Thurs |
TEST #1 & Observation # 1 Due |
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Oct 6-8 – Mon & Wed |
FALL BREAK – Watch the debate. |
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Oct 16 - Thurs |
Mix Lab CD Due |
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Oct 21 – Tue |
TEST #2 & Observation # 2 Due |
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Nov 13 – Tue |
TEST #3 & Observation # 3 Due |
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Nov 26-28 Wed & Fri |
GOBBLE GOBBLE. I feel like I’m going to B-----. |
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Dec 4 – Thurs |
TEST #4 & Observation # 4 Due |
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Dec 9 – Tue |
Last Day of Class – Final Projects Due |
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Dec 11 – Thurs |
Final Exam 8:00am B25 |
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DATE |
ACTIVITY |
ASSIGNMENT |
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1 |
Th |
Aug 28 |
Introduction |
Syllabus, Blackboard, class website, MELE |
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- |
M |
Sept 1 |
LABOR DAY – NO CLASS |
America On Record-Acoustic Era ; complete BOR worksheet |
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2 |
T |
Sept 2 |
Where did recording begin? Overview; Why is learning about technology important? The Birth of Recording (handout) |
BOR worksheet, listening, observation examples ; Listening, Reading – AOR |
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3 |
Th |
Sept 4 |
Historical Perspective 1844-1937, Intro & Keys to Understanding the Future (handouts) Acoustic vs. Electrical Recording, Edison vs. Berliner |
Recording timeline, listening; Listening, CHAPTER 1: The Ear |
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4 |
T |
Sept 9 |
How do we hear? Intro to Mix Project |
CH 1 PPT notes, spectrum tutorial; Reading – AOR |
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5 |
Th |
Sept 11 |
What do we hear? Investigation of spectrum, let’s do the wave, loudness, the dB, SPL |
CHAPTER 2: Physics & Psychophysics of Sound; Reading – AOR |
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6 |
T |
Sept 16 |
Makeup of sound; frequency, Hertz, harmonics, How does sound behave? Equal Loudness Principle, What would ALF do? Mix lab review TTAE Due |
CH 2 PPT Notes, tones tutorial Loudness Perception Demos, Test Review #1 |
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7 |
Th |
Sept 18 |
TEST #1 - Observation Report#1 Due |
America On Record-Electrical Era ; |
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8 |
T |
Sept 23 |
Signal Flow Icons, Signal Path of 20’s & 30’s; Life Cycle of a Sound, Difference between echo & reverb, Precedence Effect |
CH 3 PPT notes, Reverb Patent; |
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9 |
Th |
Sept 25 |
Is it (a)live or dead? Acoustics of a Room, Sound isolation & studio construction |
Listening ; CHAPTER 4: Microphones |
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10 |
T |
Sept 30 |
Types of Microphones; History &Use, historical perspective 1937-1940s |
CH 4 PPT notes; Reading – AOR |
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11 |
Th |
Oct 2 |
Microphone characteristics; How they work, What do they hear? Basic microphone techniques ; Recording Project basics |
CHAPTER 13: Music Production ;CH 13 PPT notes, Mic tutorials; Reading – AOR |
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- |
MW |
Oct 6-8 |
FALL BREAK – NO CLASS |
Watch the Debate |
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12 |
Th |
Oct 9 |
Recording Techniques/Process to the Mid 40s Recording Process Late 1940s, TTEE Due |
Listening; CHAPTER 5: Mixers & Consoles |
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13 |
T |
Oct 14 |
Early consoles ; The origin of the console, channel strip components, mix lab tutorial |
CH 5 PPT notes ; Reading – AOR |
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14 |
Th |
Oct 16 |
Mix Lab CD Due ; Difference between an aux send & insert; Consoles cont. Recording Techniques/Process 50s - 60's, Early Stereo ;Test Review, |
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15 |
T |
Oct 21 |
TEST #2 - Observation Report#2 Due |
CHAPTER 6: Analog Recording Birth of the LP (handout) |
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16 |
Th |
Oct 23 |
History of the Tape Recorder, Recording techniques of the 1960's |
CH 6 PPT notes, Listening, CH 6 Supplement Listening, CHAPTER 8: Signal Processing |
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17 |
T |
Oct 28 |
Signal Processing – EQ, Dyn, Delay, Echo, Flanging & Phasing Recording Project review |
CH 8 PPT notes; Reading – AOR |
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18 |
Th |
Oct 30 |
Les Paul “Chasing Sound” – video Part 1 |
Listening |
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19 |
T |
Nov 4 |
Les Paul “Chasing Sound” - video Part 2 |
NPR Top 100 Songs, Listening |
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20 |
Th |
Nov 6 |
Review, NPR 100 Beach Boys "Good Vibrations" Recording Project review Test Review, “The Making of Sgt Pepper” – video, worksheet (handout) |
CHAPTER 9: Loudspeakers & Monitoring; Test Review #3 |
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21 |
T |
Nov 11 |
Loudspeakers/Monitoring; General Considerations ; TTDE Due |
CH 9 PPT notes; Reading – AOR |
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22 |
Th |
Nov 13 |
TEST #3 - Observation Report #3 Due |
CHAPTER 6: Digital Recording ;America On Record-Digital Era; Time to plan & complete final recording project |
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23 |
T |
Nov 18 |
Intro to Digital Audio – sampling & quantization, Nyquist theory ;Meet the Bits & Bytes; Mega, Giga & Tera, the digital process, to dither or not to dither… |
CH 6 PPT notes, Supplemental PPT notes online |
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24 |
Th |
Nov 20 |
Digital Tape, DASH, R-DAT, MDM’s, ADAT, Digital interfaces,jitter, wordclock |
Supplemental PPT notes, Listening |
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25 |
T |
Nov 25 |
Instrument & Computer interfaces, CD & CD-R basics ; History of the MP3, Data compression, The DVD ; DVD-A, & SACD – where are they? Surround sound, DTS, Dolby Digital ; |
Supplemental PPT notes; Reading – AOR |
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- |
WF |
Nov 26-28 |
THANKSGIVING BREAK – NO CLASS |
Organize all notes. Prep for Test 4 (MELE has class) |
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26 |
M |
Dec 2 |
The Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) – advantages & disadvantages, Plugins vs. hardware, Demo |
Listening, Supplemental PPT notes; Reading – AOR |
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27 |
W |
Dec 4 |
TEST #4 - Observation Report #4 Due, |
Listening, Supplemental PPT notes, Test Review #4 |
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28 |
Th |
Dec 9 |
Last Day of Class – Final Projects Due, Test Review & Final Exam Review |
Complete final recording project report ; Finish strong! Study for final exam (MELE-Dec 10) |
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29 |
F |
Dec 11 |
Final Exam – 8:00am B25 |
Time to call it a rap! |