A listing of Ceratopogonidae

reported from California

Martin Spies

Schraemelstr. 151

D-81247 Muenchen

Germany

e-mail: spies@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de

Version of November 1999

Compiled by the author from published records. Substantial improvements through constructive reviews by the late Dr. Willis W. Wirth and by Dr. Art Borkent (Enderby, British Columbia) are gratefully acknowledged, as well as the most generous sharing of data by Dr. Borkent.

The initial spark for this work, and an early baseline list, were provided years ago by Larry Serpa and Wendell Knoshaug of the California Nature Conservancy (San Francisco), as part of that organization’s commendable efforts to inventory all species living on lands under its protection.

This edition contains 191 species in 26 genera. The taxonomy follows Borkent & Wirth (1997), but subfamilies and tribes are here arranged alphabetically rather than phylogenetically. Each species entry refers to at least one publication containing detailed California records.

Every time the list will be updated, new entries will be signalled and dated (month/year)

-- example: New 5/2000 --

allowing you to quickly find changes since the latest version you’ve seen.

Whenever you find an error, publish a new California record, or have any other comment, please don’t hesitate to contact me. And if you download and work with the file, please, don’t distribute any copies without my consent if you’ve made alterations I don’t know of. Thank you for your understanding!

Taxon

Reference for California

 

 

 

CERATOPOGONINAE

 

 

 

Ceratopogonini

 

 

 

Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913

 

bella (Coquillett, 1902)

Spinelli & Wirth (1984)

caribbeana Spinelli & Wirth, 1984

Spinelli & Wirth (1984)

stictipennis Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

 

 

Atyphohelea Borkent, 1998

 

macroneura (Malloch, 1915) [syn. nigra Wirth]

Borkent (1998)

 

 

Brachypogon Kieffer, 1899

 

pruinosus (Wirth, 1952)

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

stigmalis (Coquillett, 1902)

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

 

 

Ceratoculicoides Wirth and Ratanaworabhan, 1971

 

longipennis (Wirth, 1952)

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

 

 

Ceratopogon Meigen, 1803

 

abstrusus Borkent & Grogan, 1995

Borkent & Grogan (1995)

rectus Borkent & Grogan, 1995

Borkent & Grogan (1995)

relictus Borkent & Grogan, 1995

Borkent & Grogan (1995)

 

 

Monohelea Kieffer, 1917

 

texana Wirth, 1953

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

 

 

Neurobezzia Wirth and Ratanaworabhan, 1972

 

granulosa (Wirth, 1952)

Grogan & Wirth (1975)

 

 

Rhynchohelea Wirth and Blanton, 1970

 

monilicornis Wirth & Blanton, 1970

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

 

 

Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917

 

leucopeza (Meigen, 1804)

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

 

 

Serromyia Meigen, 1818

 

barberi Wirth, 1952

Borkent & Bissett (1990)

sierrensis Borkent, 1990

Borkent & Bissett (1990)

 

 

Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911

 

fuscula Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1953)

hirta Borkent, 1997 [repl. name for pruinosa Wirth]

Wirth (1953), Borkent & Wirth (1997)

sybleae Wirth, 1953

Wirth & Grogan (1981)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Culicoidini

 

 

 

Culicoides Latreille, 1809

 

arizonensis Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth et al. (1985)

bergi Cochrane, 1973

Wirth et al. (1985)

boydi Wirth & Mullens, 1992

Wirth & Mullens (1992)

brookmani Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

byersi Atchley, 1967

Wirth et al. (1985)

cacticola Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth et al. (1985)

calexicanus Wirth & Rowley, 1971

Wirth et al. (1985)

californiensis Wirth & Blanton, 1967

Wirth et al. (1985)

cavaticus Wirth & Jones, 1956

Wirth et al. (1985)

chewaclae Glick & Mullen, 1983

Wirth et al. (1985)

chiopterus (Meigen, 1830)

Wirth et al. (1985)

cochisensis Wirth & Blanton, 1967

Wirth et al. (1985)

cockerellii (Coquillett, 1901)

Wirth et al. (1985)

copiosus Root & Hoffman, 1937

Wirth et al. (1985)

crepuscularis Malloch, 1915

Wirth et al. (1985)

defoliarti Atchley & Wirth, 1979

Wirth et al. (1985)

doeringae Atchley, 1967

Wirth et al. (1985)

freeborni Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

haematopotus Malloch, 1915

Wirth et al. (1985)

hawsi Wirth & Rowley, 1971

Wirth et al. (1985)

hieroglyphicus Malloch, 1915

Wirth et al. (1985)

hirtulus (Coquillett, 1900)

Wirth et al. (1985)

hoguei Wirth & Moraes, 1979

Wirth et al. (1985)

insolatus Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth et al. (1985)

inyoensis Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

jamesi Fox, 1946

Wirth et al. (1985)

lahontan Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

leechi Wirth, 1977

Wirth et al. (1985)

lophortygis Atchley & Wirth, 1975

Wirth et al. (1985)

luglani Jones & Wirth, 1958

Wirth et al. (1985)

mohave Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

monoensis Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

mortivallis Wirth & Blanton, 1971

Wirth et al. (1985)

multidentatus Atchley & Wirth, 1975

Wirth et al. (1985)

nanellus Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

neofagineus Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

neomontanus Wirth, 1976

Wirth et al. (1985)

obsoletus (Meigen, 1818)

Wirth et al. (1985)

occidentalis Wirth & Jones, 1957

Wirth et al. (1985)

oklahomensis Khalaf, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

oregonensis Wirth & Rowley, 1971

Wirth et al. (1985)

palmerae James, 1943

Wirth et al. (1985)

posoensis Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

reevesi Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

ryckmani Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth et al. (1985)

salihi Khalaf, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

saltonensis Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

sanguisuga (Coquillett, 1901)

Wirth et al. (1985)

saundersi Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

sierriensis Wirth & Blanton, 1969

Wirth et al. (1985)

sitiens Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth et al. (1985)

sonorensis Wirth & Jones, 1957 [syn. australis Wirth & Jones]

Wirth et al. (1985), A. Borkent (pers. comm.)

stellifer (Coquillett, 1901)

Wirth et al. (1985)

sublettei Atchley, 1967

Wirth et al. (1985)

tenuistylus Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

torridus Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth et al. (1985)

tristriatulus Hoffman, 1925

Wirth et al. (1985)

unicolor (Coquillett, 1905)

Wirth et al. (1985)

usingeri Wirth, 1952

Wirth et al. (1985)

utahensis Fox, 1946

Wirth et al. (1985)

werneri Wirth & Blanton, 1971

Wirth et al. (1985)

 

 

Washingtonhelea Wirth and Grogan, 1988

 

frommeri Wirth & Grogan, 1988

Wirth & Grogan (1988)

 

 

Clinohelea Kieffer, 1917

 

curriei (Coquillett, 1905)

Grogan & Wirth (1975)

usingeri Wirth, 1952

Grogan & Wirth (1975)

 

 

 

Palpomyiini

 

 

 

Amerohelea Grogan and Wirth, 1981

 

frontispina (Dow & Turner, 1976)

Grogan & Wirth (1981)

 

 

Bezzia Kieffer, 1899

 

biannulata Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1983a)

bilineata Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

bivittata (Coquillett, 1905)

Wirth & Grogan (1983)

expolita (Coquillett, 1901)

Wirth (1952)

flavitarsis Malloch, 1914

Dow & Turner (1976)

glabra (Coquillett, 1902)

Wirth (1983a)

japonica Tokunaga, 1939

Wirth et al. (1984)

mazaruni Macfie, 1940 [syn. coloradensis Wirth]

Spinelli & Wirth (1989)

mohave Wirth & Grogan, 1983

Wirth & Grogan (1983)

nigripes Wirth & Grogan, 1983

Wirth & Grogan (1983)

nobilis (Winnertz, 1852)

Wirth (1983b)

pruinosa (Coquillett, 1905) [syn. modocensis Wirth]

Wirth (1983c)

punctipennis (Williston, 1896)

Wirth (1952)

solstitialis (Winnertz, 1852)

Wirth et al. (1984)

sordida Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1983c)

twinni Wirth, 1983

Wirth (1983c)

varicolor (Coquillett, 1902)

Wirth et al. (1984)

 

 

Palpomyia Meigen, 1818

 

aldrichi (Malloch, 1915)

Grogan & Wirth (1979)

armatipes Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

basalis (Walker, 1848)

Grogan & Wirth (1979)

belkini Grogan & Wirth, 1979

Grogan & Wirth (1979)

canadensis Grogan & Wirth, 1979

Grogan & Wirth (1979)

kernensis Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

linsleyi Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

occidentalis Grogan & Wirth, 1979

Grogan & Wirth (1979)

subaspera (Coquillett, 1901) [syn. essigi Wirth]

Grogan & Wirth (1979)

trifasciata Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

 

 

Phaenobezzia Haeselbarth, 1965

 

fulvithorax (Malloch, 1915)

Wirth & Grogan (1982)

 

 

 

Sphaeromiini

 

 

 

Mallochohelea Wirth, 1962

 

albibasis (Malloch, 1915)

Wirth & Grogan (1979)

caudellii (Coquillett, 1905)

Wirth (1962)

pullata (Wirth, 1952)

Wirth (1962)

sybleae (Wirth, 1952)

Wirth (1962)

 

 

Nilobezzia Kieffer, 1921

 

brevicornis (Wirth, 1952)

Wirth (1962)

minor (Wirth, 1952)

Wirth (1962)

 

 

Probezzia Kieffer, 1906

 

concinna (Meigen, 1818)

Wirth (1971)

flavonigra (Coquillett, 1905)

Wirth (1971)

 

 

Sphaeromias Curtis, 1829

 

longipennis (Loew, 1861)

Wirth (1962)

 

 

 

DASYHELEINAE

 

 

 

Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911

 

ancora (Coquillett, 1902)

Wirth (1952)

atrata Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

bajensis Wirth, 1978

Wirth & Moraes (1979)

brookmani Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

cactorum Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth & Hubert (1960)

cincta (Coquillett, 1901)

Waugh & Wirth (1976)

fasciigera Kieffer, 1925

Borkent & Forster (1986)

festiva Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

grisea (Coquillett, 1901)

Waugh & Wirth (1976)

johannseni (Malloch, 1915)

Wirth (1952)

mutabilis (Coquillett, 1901)

Waugh & Wirth (1976)

neobifurcata Wirth, 1976

Wirth (1952, 1976)

pallens Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

pentalineata Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth & Hubert (1960)

pollinosa Wirth, 1952

Waugh & Wirth (1976)

pritchardi Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

ryckmani Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth & Hubert (1960)

sanctaemariae Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

sonorensis Wirth, 1978

Wirth & Moraes (1979)

tenebrosa (Coquillett, 1905)

Wirth (1952)

thomsenae Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

tristyla Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

 

 

 

FORCIPOMYIINAE

 

 

 

Atrichopogon Kieffer, 1906

 

archboldi Wirth, 1994

Wirth (1994)

arcticus (Coquillett, 1900)

Wirth (1952)

epicautae Wirth, 1956

Wirth (1952)

fusculus (Coquillett, 1901)

Wirth (1952), Boesel (1973)

levis (Coquillett, 1901)

Wirth (1952)

minutus (Meigen, 1830)

Wirth (1952), Boesel (1973)

occidentalis Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

transversus Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952), Boesel (1973)

 

 

Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818

 

acidicola (Tokunaga, 1937) [syn. colemani Wirth]

Borkent & Wirth (1997)

bipunctata (Linné, 1767)

Wirth (1952)

brevipennis (Macquart, 1826)

Wirth (1952)

christiansoni Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth & Hubert (1960)

cilipes (Coquillett, 1900)

Wirth (1952)

desertensis Wirth & Hubert, 1960

Wirth & Hubert (1960)

frutetorum (Winnertz, 1852)

Dow & Wirth (1972)

fuliginosa(Meigen, 1818)

Wirth (1972)

hurdi Wirth,1952

Wirth (1952)

hygrophila Kieffer, 1925 [syn. occidentalis Wirth]

Wirth (1970)

macswaini Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

monilicornis (Coquillett, 1905)

Dow & Wirth (1972)

murina (Winnertz, 1852)

Dow & Wirth (1972)

quatei Wirth, 1952

Dow & Wirth (1972)

simulata Walley, 1932

Wirth (1952)

sonora Wirth, 1952

Bystrak & Wirth (1978)

squamipes (Coquillett, 1902)

Wirth (1952)

tenuichela Dow & Wirth, 1972

Dow & Wirth (1972)

tenuiforceps Macfie, 1939

Dow & Wirth (1972)

texana (Long, 1902)

Wirth (1952)

townesi Wirth, 1952

Wirth (1952)

usingeri Wirth & Spinelli, 1993

Wirth & Spinelli (1993)

wirthi Saunders, 1957

Bystrak & Wirth (1978)

 

 

 

LEPTOCONOPINAE

 

 

 

Leptoconops Skuse, 1889

 

americanus Carter, 1921

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

andersoni Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

arnaudi Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

asilomar Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

atchleyi Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

belkini Wirth & Atchley, 1973

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

californiensis Wirth & Atchley, 1973

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

carteri Hoffman, 1926

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

foulki Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

freeborni Wirth, 1952

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

knowltoni Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

melanderi Wirth & Atchley, 1973

A. Borkent (pers. comm.)

mohavensis Wirth & Atchley, 1973

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

sublettei Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

torrens (Townsend, 1893)

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

werneri Wirth & Atchley, 1973

Wirth & Atchley (1973)

whitseli Clastrier & Wirth, 1978

Clastrier & Wirth (1978)

REFERENCES

Boesel, M. W. 1973. The genus Atrichopogon (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) in Ohio and neighboring states. Ohio J. Sci. 73: 202-215.

Borkent, A. 1998. A revision of Neurobezzia Wirth & Ratanaworabhan and Neurohelea Kieffer, with a description of a new genus and discussion of their phylogenetic relationships (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ent. scand. 29: 137-160.

Borkent, A. & Bissett, B. 1990. A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Syst. Ent. 15: 153-217.

Borkent, A. & Forster, L. 1986. Review of the Dasyhelea fasciigera species group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a revision of the Nearctic species. Can. J. Zool. 64: 1280-1287.

Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L., jr. 1995. A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Mem. Ent. Soc. Wash. 15: 1-198.

Borkent, A. & Wirth, W. W. 1997. World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 233: 257 pp.

Bystrak, P. G. & Wirth, W. W. 1978. The North American species of Forcipomyia, subgenus Euprojoannisia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Techn. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1591: 1-51.

Clastrier, J. & Wirth, W. W. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Techn. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1573: 1-58.

Dow, M. I. & Turner, E. C., jr. 1976. A taxonomic revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Bezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ. Research Div. Bull. 103: 1-162.

Dow, M. I. & Wirth, W. W. 1972. Studies on the genus Forcipomyia, 2. The Nearctic species of the subgenera Thyridomyia and Synthyridomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 65: 177-201.

Grogan, W. L., jr. & Wirth, W. W. 1975. A revision of the Nearctic species of Clinohelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Great Basin Nat. 35: 275-287.

Grogan, W. L., jr. & Wirth, W. W. 1978. Description of the male of Neurobezzia granulosa (Wirth) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 80: 548-552.

Grogan, W. L., jr. & Wirth, W. W. 1979. The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Mem. Ent. Soc. Wash. 8: 1-125.

Grogan, W. L., jr. & Wirth, W. W. 1981. A new American genus of predaceous midges related to Palpomyia and Bezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94: 1279-1305.

Spinelli, G. R. & Wirth, W. W. 1984. The Neotropical predaceous midges of the genus Alluaudomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 86: 673-702.

Spinelli, G. R. & Wirth, W. W. 1989. The Neotropical predaceous midges of the genus Bezzia (Diptera Ceratopogonidae). Part 1. The glabra and brevicornis groups. Limnobios (La Plata) 2: 762-778.

Waugh, W. T. & Wirth, W. W. 1976. A revision of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer of the Eastern United States north of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 69: 219-247.

Wirth, W. W. 1952. The Heleidae of California. Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent. 9: 95-266.

Wirth, W. W. 1953. Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia in North America. Proc. U. S. Natl Mus. 103: 57-85.

Wirth, W. W. 1962. A reclassification of the Palpomyia-Bezzia-Macropeza groups, and a revision of the North American Sphaeromiini (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 55: 272-287.

Wirth, W. W. 1965. Family Ceratopogonidae (Heleidae). pp. 121-142. In: A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. A. Stone et al., (Eds.). U. S. Dept. Agric. Agric. Handb. 276: 1-1696.

Wirth, W. W. 1970. The biting midges of the Forcipomyia pallida group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 72: 333-339.

Wirth, W. W. 1971. Six new North American species of Probezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)with biological notes and a key to species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 64: 729-739.

Wirth, W. W. 1972. The Neotropical Forcipomyia (Microhelea) species related to the caterpillar parasite F. fuliginosa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 65: 564-577.

Wirth, W. W. 1976. New names for North American Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Proc. Ent. Soc Wash. 78: 15.

Wirth, W. W. 1982. The cacao-pollinating midges of the Forcipomyia argenteola-group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc Wash. 84: 568-585.

Wirth, W. W. 1983a. The North American predaceous midges of the Bezzia bicolor group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Fla Ent. 66: 292-320.

Wirth, W. W. 1983b. A review of the American predaceous midges of the Bezzia nobilis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc Wash. 85: 670-685.

Wirth, W. W. 1983c. The North American species of the cockerelli and dorsasetula groups of the predaceous midge genus Bezzia, subgenus Homobezzia . Proc. Ent. Soc Wash. 85: 762-782.

Wirth, W. W. 1994. The subgenus Atrichopogon (Lophomyidium) with a revision of the Nearctic species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta mundi 8: 17-36.

Wirth, W. W. & Atchley, W. R. 1973. A review of the North American Leptoconops (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Texas Tech. Univ. Grad. Studies 5: 1-57.

Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L. & Peterson, B. V. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contrib. Am. Ent. Inst. 22: 1-46.

Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L., jr. 1979. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XXIV. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 2. The species of the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 91: 847-903.

Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L., jr. 1981. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XXV. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 3. The species of the tribe Stilobezziini. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash. 5: 1-102.

Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L., jr. 1982. The predaceous midges of the genus Phaenobezzia in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Mem. Ent. Soc. Wash. 10: 179-192.

Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L., jr. 1983. The Nearctic species of the Bezzia bivittata group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 96: 489-523.

Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L., jr. 1988. The predaceous midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora & Fauna Handb. 4, E. J. Brill Publs, Leiden etc. XV + 160 pp.

Wirth, W. W. & Hubert, A. A. 1960. Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) reared from cacti, with a review of the copiosus group of Culicoides. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 53: 639-658.

Wirth, W. W. & Moraes, A. P. A. de 1979. New records and new species of biting midges from salt marshes in California and Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pan-Pac. Ent. 55: 287-298.

Wirth, W. W. & Mullens, B. A. 1992. Culicoides boydi (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-a potential vector of hemorrhagic disease viruses to desert bighorn sheep in Southern California. J. Med. Ent. 29: 1006-1010.

Wirth, W. W., Palchik, S. M. & Forster, L. 1984. The North American predaceous midges of the Bezzia annulipes group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 86: 155-175.

Wirth, W. W. & Spinelli, G. R. 1993. The North American species of the Forcipomyia (Lepidohelea) bicolor-subgroup (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 95: 611-634.

 

Martin Spies

Schraemelstr. 151

D-81247 Muenchen

Germany

e-mail: spies@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de


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