In October 2001 an Encyclopedia of
Arthropod-transmitted
Infections of Man and Domesticated Animals edited by Mike W.
Service
and with 88 authors was published by CABI, Wallingford, England (ISBN 0
85199 473 3).Most Culicoides-transmitted
infections are covered.For example,
Philip S. Mellor writes on virus-transmitted infections such as African
horse sickness, Aino, Akabane,
Bluetongue, Bovine ephemeral disease, Epizootic haemorrhagic
disease and Oropouche virus, while
Carter
T. Atkinson writes on Haemoproteus
species transmitted by ceratopogonids.The
role of Culicoides species in
transmittingLeucocytozooncaulleryiis
described by Ellis Greiner.Culicoides
as vectors of Mansonellaozzardi,
M. perstans
and M. streptocerca is covered
by W.
Crewe, while their role in vectoring animal onchocercal
worms is dealt with by AlfonsRenz.
REGISTRATION
FOR WORLD DIRECTORY OF ARTHROPOD VECTOR RESEARCH AND CONTROL SPECIALISTS
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order to update the Directory, we would appreciate your completing this
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would also appreciate your copying this form and supplying it to any
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who are working in this field. Your cooperation will allow greater
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CIE
Member Address Changes/New Members
Dr. Yehuda
Braverman
e-mail:
yehudab@moag.gov.il (as
of April 9, 2002)
SWITZERLAND
(and Dr. ValentinaGlukhova)
Dr. D.S. Kettle
e-mail:
dkettle@acenet.net.au
(as of March 12, 2002)
Obituaries
Richard
(Dick) Foote
It is with great sorrow that I inform you of Dick
Foote's passing.He will be missed
terribly.He passed away unexpectedly
in his sleep early on the morning of Saturday,
February 9, 2002while
recuperating from a hip fracture.He
was 83.A memorial service was held
on Monday, Feb 18th at the Lake of the
WoodsChurch
in Locust Grove, Virginia.In
lieu of flowers the family would appreciate donations to the Lake of
the
Woods Fire and Rescue (104 Lakeview Pkwy, Locust
Grove, VA22508)
who cared so lovingly for him after the accident.
Submitted by Bill Grogan from Manya
Stoetzel of Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA;
e-mail:
SuzinotSue@aol.com
Sturgis McKeever
Sturgis McKeever,
Ph.D. aged 80, died April
26, 2002 at home in Statesboro, Georgia
after a short illness.He is survived
by Kay M. McKeever, his wife of 55
years;
and a sister Mrs. D. Lester (Carol) Gibbs of Oxford, Pennsylvania.Sturgis
was born at home in Renick, West
Virginia on September
6, 1921 to MamieNicholaus
and Giles Seward McKeever and 8
brothers
and 4 sisters.He attended West
VirginiaUniversity,
where he studied forestry.He served
in the U.S. Navy in WWII.While at
NAS Glynco, he met the love of his
life,
Kay.He was discharged in June 1946.Sturgis
and Kay were married in July 1946.In
September of 1946, Sturgis entered North
CarolinaStateUniversity,
where he earned the B.S. in 1948, his M.S. in 1949, and Ph.D. in 1955.He
worked in Alaska,California
and Georgia.In
1963, he joined the Biology faculty at then Georgia Southern College.He
retired from Georgia Southern University in 1989 as Emeritus Professor
of Biology, but remained active in teaching and research until his
death. The
funeral/ memorial service was held on Sunday, April 28th at Trinity
Presbyterian
Church, Statesboro.
Submitted by Daniel V. Hagan, e-mail: dhagan@GaSoU.edu
Biography
of Dr. Sturgis McKeever, Professor
Emeritus
of Biology
Sturgis McKeever,
Ph.D. aged 80, died April
26, 2002 after a short illness.He
is survived by Kay M. McKeever, his
wife
of 55 years and a sister Mrs. D. Lester (Carol) Gibbs of Oxford,
Pennsylvania.Sturgis
was born September 6, 1921,
to MamieNicholaus
and Giles Seward McKeever and 8
brothers
and 4 sisters.He was born at home,
near the town of Renick,West
Virginia (which was near the earlier town of
Falling
Spring).These towns were near a town
called Droop, WV.The house where
Sturgis was born is still standing in 2002.At
age 1 and a half, the family moved to Frankfort, WV
(about 2 mi. away) to the farm that became the McKeever
home place.It was in Frankfort
that Sturgis attended elementary and high school (in the same building).Sturgis’
mother raised chickens, took her eggs to Roer,
WV, and was able to buy a Victrola
(hand
crank) record player.
In 1939, he
entered West
VirginiaUniversity
to study Forestry.He attended WVU
for 2 and a half years.At
the end of his 1941 Fall semester, WWII
began
in December, and his parents insisted that he leave WVU and come home
to
run the family farm.He worked there
until November, 1944, when he enlisted in the U.S. Navy.Sturgis
had already completed 2 years of ROTC at WVU.He
was trained in radar and advanced to the rank of Seaman First Class.He
was assigned to a naval base in Oregon,
and was on the crew of the aircraft carrier being constructed in
the WillametteRiver.He
served aboard a small aircraft carrier.At
the end of his last sea duty, he was stationed at NAS Detachment St.
Simons,
GA.While there he met at the USO,
the love of his life, Miss Kay Murphy.He
was discharged in June 1946.
Sturgis and Kay were
married
on July 27, 1946,
in an outdoor ceremony on the campus of Kay’s alma mater McDonaldCollege,
in Red Sulphur
Springs, North Carolina.Kay
said that while she was “cutting the crazy,” in a visit with Sturgis to
her school, that she said she wanted to marry in the Court of the Pines
on the McDonaldCollege
campus.And that was where they married.
In September 1946,
Sturgis
entered North CarolinaStateUniversity.He
and Kay spent the summer of 1947, in a 45' Fire Tower in Oregon,
at 5,000 ft. elevation between two snow covered mountains (Mt.Jefferson
to the south and Mt.Hood
to the north).Both Sturgis and Kay
had to go to FireSchool,
to learn how to use the Alidade Fire Finder, and plot exact fire/ smoke
locations, by counting the ridges and direction to find the distance
the
fire was away.They lived in the
14' by 14' room, and had a 2' wide cat walk around the top of the 45'
fire
tower.Each two-weeks
they brought water and put it in a barrel.Sturgis
had to repair/ solder the flue/smoke stack through the roof, by
crawling
onto the roof.They were able to see
the summer lightning storms come across from south near Mt.Jefferson
to the north to Mt.Hood.The
shutters on their 14' by 14' home atop the tower would glow just before
a lightning strike and would then lose their aura.
Once
they saw a smoke plume arising from below.They
called the fire fighters, who asked Sturgis to go down and check it out.He
and a colleague hiked down and found it was a fire in the top of a tall
tree.They had to chop it down using
a pick-axe.When Sturgis and Kay
left, the Forest Service threw a big party with delicious “plank”
salmon
as the main course.They drove their
1935 Plymouth out and
back across the U.S.;
the window on passenger’s side did not open - and the driver’s side
window
was always down.They returned to North
Carolina by way of San
Francisco,YosemitePark,
and the Mohave Desert.The
car starter began malfunctioning, and they had to park so it was always
downhill to start.They enjoyed sleeping
in the car the whole way.
<>Sturgis earned his B.S.
in Forestry in 1948 and was admitted to Graduate school at
North
CarolinaStateUniversity
in the Animal Ecology department.
He
completed requirements for the M.S. in Zoology in 1949.
Sturgis
began his first job on
July
1, 1949 with the Pittman-Roberts Program of the West
Virginia
Conservation Commission.
Sturgis
was Team Leader of the Mammals of WV in the Pittman-Roberts program.
With
the approval of his major professor at NC State, Dr. Zeno Payne
Metcalf,
he was
ableto
use the data from the Mammals of WV study for his doctoral dissertation.
His
committee recommended that he go to the Duke Marine Station, for study
during the summer of 1951.
Sturgis
spend 2 summers in
Alaska,
at Point Barrow the northern-most point of North
America,
and was also associated with the
Aeromedical
Lab of Ladd Air Force Base.
He finished
his dissertation in 1954, and graduated in June of 1955.
His
dissertation was the largest submitted to the
North
CarolinaState
library to that time.
He worked at
the NC State Museum and mounted a variety of large mammals (e.g., a
sperm
whale).
In 1955 Sturgis took
a
position at the Centers for Disease Study (CDC) Newton Field Lab, in
west Georgia.Dr. McKeever
worked there 2 and half years.He
named his first species novum organism
while
there after Dr. Metcalf.Once a wildcat
Dr. McKeever had collected took a bite
out of his thumb, and only with the able assistance of one of his
colleagues,
who put his foot on the cat’s chest to get the animal to let go of
Sturgis’
thumb.In 1957, Sturgis began a 6
year assignment (1957-63) at the University
of California, Davis
Experiment
Station, and worked also at Susanville, a forestry site.He
worked on a project to reduce the feeding of rodents on pine seeds.
In 1963, he took a
professorship
on the Biology faculty in Statesboro, at Georgia Southern College
teaching
General Biology, Human Anatomy, Vertebrate Zoology, etc.He
authored numerous articles in refereed scientific journals on a broad
range
of biological topics from the scanning electron microscopy of biting
and
phantom midges, to new species of cestode
worms, to his world class photographs of plants, mammals, and insects.He
is known across the globe for his macrophotography
of tiny insects, orchids, and pitcher plants.He
retired from Georgia Southern University in 1989, but remained active
in
teaching and research until his death.
Submitted by Daniel V. Hagan, e-mail: dhagan@GaSoU.edu
Queries
_____________________________________________
Query from Maurizio Cocchi
m.cocchi@usl9.toscana.it
I'm working in the Entomological Public Health
Department
here, and my focus is on insects of medical importance.If
possible, could your subscribers please send reprints of scientific
papers
with classification-keys and useful images about preimaginal
stages of European/Mediterranean Culicoidesspp.,
C. imicola
included?
My best wishes,
Dr. M. Cocchi,
U.F. ZoologiaAmbientale,
Dip. Prevenzione, ASL 9 Grosseto,
VialeCimabue,
109
58100 Grosseto,
Italia
Contributions
from Ceratopogonid Scientists
____________________________________________________________________
Rio de Janerio, Brazil
I would like to
announce
my current studies about ceratopogonids.
The latest news is that I am working with Abraham Caceres,
William Walderrama-Bazan and Antero
Gonzales-Perez in the identification of the Culicoides
fauna from endemic areas of Oropouche
virus
in Peru.
I am working with
Gustavo Spinelli
in the revision of the neotropical
predaceous midges of the genus Downeshelea.
We have material from Bahamas,Brazil, Colombia,Dominica, El
Salvador,Great Cayman, Guyana,Honduras, Jamaica,Mexico, Panama,Trinidad
and Uruguay.
The genus includes 18 species and we are just completingdescriptions
of 3 new ones from Brazil,Colombia
and Mexico.
Regarding the
Brazilian
fauna, I work in the identification of Culicoides
to better understand the role of the biting midges in the transmission
of Bluetongue virus in sheep and goats in the state of Minas Gerais.
The specimens are captured by light traps to obtain the composition and
seasonal abundance of Culicoides.Juliana Laender,
Aurora Gouveia and ZéliaLobato
of the Federal University of Minas Gerais
conduct the seromonitoring program.
The
determination of the species and the serological data can help to
better
determine the Culicoides species
involved in virus transmission.
I also work with the
identification
of Culicoides species which
occur
in MatoGrosso
do Sul and São
Paulo ecological reserves of the AtlanticForest.
This material has been captured during 2 years with CDC light traps
with
the help of the students Mauro Breviglieri
Fonseca and Carolina Cunha.
I am also work on Culicoides
and other genera, collected with New Jersey light traps, in different
municipalities
of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in collaboration of FEEMA (FundaçãoEstadual
de Engenharia do MeioAmbiente).
Recent literature:
·Silva.C.S.;Felippe-Bauer,M.L.; Almeida,E.H.G.de
& Figueiredo,L.R., 2001. Culicoides
(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae)
doestado do Rio
de
Janeiro,Brasil.
I. Região
Norte: Município de Campos
dos Goytacazes. Entomología
y Vectores 8(3): 349-358.
·Felippe-Bauer,M.L.
& Oliveira,S.J.de, 2001. Lista
dos exemplarestipos
de Ceratopogonidae (Diptera,Nematocera) depositadosnaColeçãoEntomológica
do InstitutoOswaldo
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Memórias
do InstitutoOswaldo
Cruz 96(8): 1109-1119.
____________________________________________________________________________
Contribution
from Paola Scaramozzino & Claudio
De Liberato pscaramozzino@rm.izs.it
Rome, Italy
PRESENCE
OF CULICOIDES IMICOLA IN TWO REGIONS OF CENTRAL
ITALY
(LAZIO AND TUSCANY)
Paola Scaramozzino
& Claudio
De Liberato
Istituto ZooprofilatticoSperimentale delle Regioni
Lazio e Toscana, Rome, Italy
In
the Mediterranean basinCulicoidesimicola,
the principal vector of Blue Tongue (BT) and African Horse Sickness,
was already known to be present in Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Baleari
Islands, Cyprus, Turkey, Greece, Corsica
and Israel.
In these countries the species is present all over the year until the 42nd
parallel, with the possibility of northern expansion during the
favourable
season.
To
establish if Italy
was at risk of an introduction of BT, in the summer of 2000 a national
entomological surveillance programme under the direction of the
National
Reference Centre (CESME, IZS Teramo)
started. Culicoidesimicola
was for the first time recorded in Sicily
in July 2000 and after a few weeks it was found in Sardinia
too. In the same period the first BT outbreaks occurred in Sardinia.
During these preliminary surveys the species was found in almost all
the
south of Italy,
with special reference to Sicily, Sardinia, Calabria, Puglia
and Basilicata.
It was particularly abundant in Sardinia
and on the east coast of Calabria.
To
better understand the distribution in Italy
of C. imicola and to define
the risk
of a BT expansion northward, in July 2001 an implemented plan of
entomological
surveillance started all around Italy.
In our regions of competence (Lazio and Tuscany),
comprised between 44.474 north and 41.203 south (decimal format), a
total
of 560 catches were carried out in 303 different sampling localities
between
the 15th of July and the end of the year. At the end of the
plan almost the whole territory of the two regions had been covered by
the sampling activity. Catches were carried out by standardized
methodologies
with light traps that worked for a night. During the survey (beginning
of September) BT outbreaks were recorded in a wide zone at the boundary
between Tuscany
and Lazio (Grosseto
and Viterbo provinces). As result of
the
entomological surveillance, C. imicola
was reported along the whole coastline of the two regions, at the
maximum
distance from the sea of 62 km.A
total of 71 sampling localities among the 303
tested were positive for C. imicola.
Concerning the other Culicoides
species,
we recorded a prevalence of C. pulicariss.l.
in the south and of C. obsoletuss.l.
in the north of our territory.
From
a quantitative point of view the records of C. imicola
were almost everywhere very scarce, with one, two or very few (less
than
10) specimens per catch. Only the southern most sampling locality, a
buffalo
breeding farm, presented relatively large numbers of the insect, with a
maximum of 1400 specimens in a single night.
The
surveillance activity will go on at least for the next year, as data in
our possession are not sufficient to elucidate some aspects of the C. imicola
presence in our regions and of BT epidemiology. Until now, in fact, it
is very difficult to assess if C. imicola
is an autocthonous species present in
low
numbers, or if it is just a new arrival, spreading in the last few
years.
At the moment it is not possible also to understand if there are true
populations
of the species in continental Italy or if our few specimens arrive
occasionally
carried by wind from Sardinia (311 km from mainland Italy) and Corsica
(83 km from Italy). For example the record of a single isolated
outbreak
of disease in the south of Lazio, with only two clinical cases and the
finding of no C. imicola in
this
site, could induce us to think that isolated infected specimens arrived
by wind transport. Also the coastal distribution of the species would
confirm
this statement, considering that the prevailing winds in the zone are
west
ones, thus capable of bearing aero-plankton from the two islands to
mainland Italy.
Besides, during the summer 2001 we were not able to detect C. imicola
in localities characterized by BT outbreaks, thus presenting the
question
of the possible role of other Culicoides
species (obsoletus group?) as BT
vectors.
_____________________________________________________
Contribution fromAlison
Blackwellablackwell@vet.ed.ac.uk
Edinburgh, Scotland, United
Kingdom
Centre for Tropical Veterinary
Medicine, University
of Edinburgh, UK
“Midge
Bait’”
During
the summer of 2001, we have been using a variety of film and video
techniques
in the study of the host-seeking behaviour
of the Highland biting midge, Culicoidesimpunctatus.
This was sponsored by the Wellcome
Trust’s
‘sciart’ scheme, aiming to bring artists
and
scientists together in unique investigations.The
project has successfully captured some visually spectacular images on
to
film of the swarming patterns and attacking behaviourofC. impunctatus,
some of which have been analyzed to allow the mechanisms involved in
the
process of midge host-seeking to be determined. The results of the
study,
together with examples of the video footage and a short documentary
film
which has been made from the core footage, are outlined on our website:www.midgeproductions.com
_____________________________________________________
Contribution from NataliaBrodskayaceratopogon@zin.ru
“Key to the Insects
of
the RussianFar East.”Vol.
6.Diptera
and Siphonaptera. Pt.2. – Vladivostok. Dal’nauka.
2001. 641 p.
The
above text is now available. This
volume includes 30 families of Diptera
including
the Ceratopogonidae. I
prepared the key to 21 genera of the Ceratopogonidae
and the key to 101 species of the genus Culicoides.The
territory which is included in the chapter on Ceratopogonidae
is the Far East of Russia, the North-East of China
and two islands of Japan(Hokkaido
and Honshu).Sixty-five
species of Culicoides of the
fauna
of Russia
and 36 species of the fauna of adjacent lands are included in the keys.
In
near future I am planning to publish a key to the genera of Ceratopogonidae
of Russia as a whole.Please make
a note that my e-mail address (the same for Prof
.Glukhova) is now: ceratopogon@zin.ru
Sincerely yours,
NataliaBrodskaya
Recent
Literature
Felippe-Bauer,
M. L. and S. J. de Oliveira.
2001. Lista dos ExemplaresTipos
de Ceratopogonidae (Diptera, Nematocera) Depositados na
Colecao Entomologica
do InstitutoOswaldo
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. [List of
the
type species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
deposited in the Entomological Collection of InstitutoOswaldo
Cruz, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil.] Memorias
do InstitutoOswaldo
Cruz. 96 (8): 1109-1119.
Huerta,
H., Ronderos, M. M. and G. R. Spinelli.
2001. Description of larva and pupa and redescription
of the adult of Culicoides
albomaculus root and
Hoffman (Diptera
:Ceratopogonidae). Transactions
of
the American Entomological Society 127(4): 543-561.
Ler,
P. A.
[Ed] 2001. OpredelitelnasekomykhDalnegoVostokaRossii.
T. VI. Dvukrylyeiblokhi.Ch.
2. [Key to
the insects of Russian Far East.Vol.
VI.
Diptera
and Siphonaptera.Pt
2.]Dal'nauka, Vladivostok.
1-642. (NataliaBrodskaya
wrote the generic key for Ceratopogonidae
and the key to
Culicoides species,
see her contribution above, ed.)
Marino,
P. I., Spinelli, G. R. and P. Posadas.
2001. Distributional patterns of species of Ceratopogonidae
(Diptera) in southern South
America.
Biogeographica
Paris 77 (3): 113-122.
Marino,
P. I. and G. R. Spinelli.
2001. El subgeneroForcipomyia
(Euprojoannisia) en la Patagonia
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).[The
subgenus Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia)
from Patagonia
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)]. Gayana65
(1): 11-18.
Saha, N.C.
And S. K. Dasgupta.
2001. The biting midges genus PhaenobezziaHaeselbarth
in India. Geobios
(Jodhpur)
28(4): 248-252.
Sanchez,
P., Morillo, F., Munoz, W., de-Jesus-Soria,
S. and C. Marin.
2001. Las especies de Forcipomyia, Meigen(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) polinizadoras
del
cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en
la coleccion
de la Estacion Experimental del
INIA-Miranda, Venezuela.
[Species of Forcipomyia, Meigen
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
that pollinate cacao tree (Theobroma
cacao
L.) found in the insect collection of Miranda Experimental
Station, INIA-Miranda, Venezuela] EntomotropicaAgosto
16(2): 147-148.
Santos da
Silva, C., Felippe-Bauer, M. L., de
Almeida,
E. H. G. and L. R.Figueiredo.
2001. Culicoides (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae)
do estado do Rio
de Janeiro,Brasil.
1. Regiaonorte: Municipio
de Campos dos Goytacazes.
[Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
of the state of Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil,
North region: district of Campos dos Goytacazes]. Entomologia
y Vectores 8(3): 349-358.
Spinelli,
G. R. and M .M. Ronderos.
2001. First record of the genus Bezzia
in Chile,
with a description of a new species of the venustula
group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Revista Chilena
de Historia Natural 74 (4):
751-754.
Spinelli,
G. R. and M. M. Ronderos.
2001. The male of Culicoidesirwini
Spinelli & Wirth (Diptera
:Ceratopogonidae). Transactions
of
the American Entomological Society 127(4): 513-517.
Ecology
and Methodology
Alcocer,
J., Escobar, E.G., Lugo,
A., Lozano, L. M. and L. A. Oseguera.
2001. Benthos of a seasonally-astatic,
saline,
soda lake in Mexico. Hydrobiologia.
466 (1-3): 291-297. (The benthic macroinvertebrate
community consisted of two species: Culicoides
occidentalis sonorensis
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
and TanypusApelopia
sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae).
C. occidentalis
was the most important species both numerically and in biomass (greater
than or equal to 95%, ed.)
Anderson,
J. R., Nilssen, A. C. and W. Hemmingsey.
2001. Use of host-mimicking trap catches to determine which parasitic
flies
attack Reindeer, Rangifer
tarandus, under different climatic conditions. Canadian
Field
Naturalist 115 (2): 274-286. (Baited insect flight traps functioned
as Reindeer mimics; unidentified Ceratopogonidae
were captured, ed.)
Baylis,
M., Mellor, P. S., Wittmann, E. J. and
D.
J. Rogers.
2001. Prediction of areas around the Mediterranean
at risk of bluetongue by modelling the
distribution of its vector using satellite imaging. Veterinary
Record
149(21): 639-643. (predicts the abundance
of Culicoides
imicola, ed.)
Baylis,
M. and P. S. Mellor.
2001. Bluetongue around the Mediterranean
in 2001. Veterinary Record 149(21): 659.
Carpenter,
S., Mordue, A. J. and W. Mordue.
2001. Oviposition in Culicoides
impunctatus under laboratory conditions. Entomologia
Experimentalis et Applicata
101(2): 123-129.
Giberson,
D. J., Bilyj, B. and N.Burgess.
2001. Species diversity and emergence patterns of nematocerous
flies (Insecta
:Diptera) from three coastal salt
marshes
in Prince
Edward Island, Canada.
Estuaries
24 (6a): 862-874.
Li,
G.-g, Qin, Z.-h., Lin, H.-h., Weng,
Y.-b.and
J.-r. Zhu.
2001.Colonization of Culicoidesarakawae
in laboratory. ActaVeterinariaetZootechnicaSinica
32(6): 525-529
Lounibos,
L. P.
2002. Invasions by insect vectors of human
disease.Annual
Review of Entomology
47: 233-266. (describes
biting midges as vagile vectors that
have
dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, ed.)
Whiles,
M. R., and B. S. Goldowitz.
2001. Hydrologic influences on insect emergence production from
central PlatteRiver
wetlands. Ecological Applications.
11 (6): 1829-1842. (Ceratopogonidae were
among
the dominant contributors to abundance, ed.)
Wittmann,
E. J., Mellor, P.S. and M. Baylis.
2001. Using climate data to map the potential distribution of Culicoides
imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
in Europe.
Revue Scientifiqueet
Technique Office International des Epizooties 20(3): 731-740.
Bluetongue
Virus and other Pathogens
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O. M. and D. O. Akinboye.
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