Greetings to you all. The year of 1998 was a great year for research and networking with fellow scientists focusing on the Ceratopogonidae.

    The 4^th International Congress of Dipterology (ICD4), held at Oxford University, England, 7-12 September 1998, was great fun and intellectually stimulating. I have included a capsule of the Ceratopogonid papers that were given at the ICD4. We had excellent participation by workers in the Ceratopogonidae section and there were a number of other biting midge papers presented on ceratopogonids in Med-Vet, Forensic Entomology, and other sections also.

    I encourage all those who may be able to attend to read the announcement regarding the joint 1999 annual Biting Fly Workshop (BFW) and the biennial North American Dipterists' Society (NADS) meetings to be held in the Great Smoky Mountains of beautiful North Carolina.

                                                                                                Thanks,
                                                                                                Daniel V. Hagan, Ph.D.
Summary of CIE Contents:
Announcements .......................................................... 2
Recap of ICD4 .......................................................... 4
Contributions from Cerat. Scientists ............................ 5
Recent Literature on Ceratopogonidae ...................... 12

For CIE Participants, please send your e-mail address to dhagan@GaSoU.edu.

Where: Mountains of Western, North Carolina, USA -- 24-28 MAY 1999,
in Camp Broadstone, Valle Crucis, North Carolina

    You may check out details for the BRW and NADS meetings at this URL
http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/users/b/bwiegman/public_html/ncflies99.html

    Preliminary arrangements have been made to accommodate 50 dipterists at Camp Broadstone, in northwestern North Carolina.

    NADS will meet jointly with the 1999 annual Biting Fly workshop, organizer Dr. Frank E. French, e-mail = french@GaSoU.edu

The meeting will include:

* individual and group collecting in the Blue Ridge Mountains, Pisgah and Cherokee National Forests.

* workshops and presentations of dipterological research and natural history

* identification and sorting workshops

***optional participation in Diptera Collecting Field Day in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, May 27-28, as part of the GSMNP ATBI

* mixers, meals and tall tales from the collecting trail

    Camp Broadstone, located in the Blue Ridge Mountains, is on 53 acres of woods and meadows in the small community of Valle Crucis, six miles west of Boone and the campus of Appalachian State University. The camp is located near the Blue Ridge Parkway, Linville Gorge,Grandfather Mtn., and the Pisgah and Cherokee National Forests.

    Collecting will be possible on the grounds of the camp and excursions will be planned to sites in the Pisgah and Cherokee Forests.

    Facilities include a main lodge, six cabins, business office, maintenance building, arts and crafts cabin and classroom cabins. The main lodge and dining hall of 4,600 square feet is a multipurpose facility for serving meals, indoor workshops and evening activities. The large natural stone fireplace, on a cool evening, provides a relaxing atmosphere after a full day of outdoor activity.

    Meals are served family style from the fully-equipped modern kitchen located in the main lodge.

    Sleeping accomodations are in modern, clean and comfortable bunk-house style cabins. The cabins feature bunk beds, indoor bathroom facilities with individual hot showers and are fully insulated and electrically heated. They are able to accommodate up to 100 people in the cabins.

    Register early! Reservations will be held for the first 50 dipterists and their guests. A registration form is included below.

    Registration cost per person is $123 --covers registration, lodging, and meals for the entire meeting. Registration and meals for attendees not staying at Camp Broadstone = $70.

    Alternative accomodations are available at the Holiday Inn Express in Boone NC about 25 min from the NADS dormitory lodge. Cost (double occupancy) is $54 and up [with breakfast]; 828-264-2451. Reserve space now! Prices subject to change.

***GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK ALL TAXON BIOTIC INVENTORY -- GSMNP ATBI*** MAY 27, 28 1999 DIPTERA FIELD DAY

    All NADS meeting registrants are invited to participate in a two-day, group collecting effort on behalf of the GSMNP ATBI project. The goal of the event will be to help kick off the ATBI project by organizing a group collecting and identification workshop. Our "field day" is intended to draw attention to the ATBI and to the role of dipterists and other taxonomic specialists in fulfilling the projects goals. The dipterists will be the first group to conduct a taxon oriented "field day", and, therefore, we hope we would have a good turnout and collect a lot of flies. The organizers of the GSMNP ATBI are excited about the participation of NADS in the inventory. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park is 2.5-3 hrs drive from Camp Broadstone. Groups will leave Camp Broadstone at 6:30 AM on 27 May, arrive at the GSMNP approximately 11 AM and collect, collect, collect! Arrangements for lodging in Gatlinburg TN for field day participants are underway. Collecting permits will be arranged for registered participants prior to the event.

For additional information contact:
Dr. Brian M. Wiegmann, Department of Entomology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
bwiegman@unity.ncsu.edu

    The organizers of the 1999 BFW are pleased to announce that the BFW and NADS will be holding the BFW jointly with the 1999 NADS meeting in North Carolina. NADS will be hosted by Dr. Brian M. Wiegmann of NC State University, Raleigh. Dr. Frank E. French is organizing the 1999 BFW.

    The 1998 ICD4 Congress hosted September 7-12, 1998 at Oxford University had an excellent attendance of Ceratopogonidae workers. Attending were Antony Downes, Doug Kettle, Ivan Országh Rudy Meiswinkel, Jenny Mordue, Gary Mullen, Allison Blackwell, David Kelley, Yvonne-Marie Linton, J.F. Dallas and myself, Dan Hagan. And I apologise for those present that I omitted.
    Below are the titles of papers presented by Section with the author(s):

Workshop 6 : Ceratopogonidae
Thursday 10 September, 0915-noon
Keble College: Ley Room

State of the art of ceratopogonid research across the globe. D.V. Hagan

The ten species in the Culicoides imicola Kieffer complex: an update (Ceratopogonidae). R. Meiswinkel

Geostatistical analysis of Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Ceratopogonidae) biting midge larvae. A. Blackwell, K.A. Lock, B. Boag, S.C. Gordon, and B. Marshall

Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) for differentiation of six species of the Culicoides imicola Kieffer complex (Ceratopogonidae). J. Paweska, R. Meiswinkel, F. Sebastiani, L. M. Gomulski, and G. Gasperi

The effect of age, multiple mating and nutritional status on the mating behaviour of the Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen (Ceratopogonidae). J. Mair and A. Blackwell

Host location cues in the Scottish biting midge Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Ceratopogonidae). A.J. Mordue (Luntz), A. Bhasin, and W. Mordue

Transmission of arboviruses by Culicoides species (Ceratopogonidae) among cattle and white-tailed deer in the southeastern United States. G.R. Mullen and R.R. Anderson

The Culicoides Latreille (Ceratopogonidae) of Belize, Central America. D.S. Brickle and D.V. Hagan

Section 3 : Phylogeny of Diptera
Tuesday 8 September, 0830/0915 am
University Museum / Keble College: Pusey Room

Molecular characterisation of Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Ceratopogonidae) in Europe: the vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses. Y.M. Linton, J.F. Dallas, and A.J. Mordue (Luntz)

Section 4 : Medical, Veterinary and Forensic Diptera
Tuesday 8 September, 0915 am
Keble College: Gibbs Room and University Museum / Keble College: Pusey Room

Higher immature rearing temperatures induce vector competence for bluetongue virus in Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen (Ceratopogonidae). E.J. Wittmann, M. Baylis, and P.S. Mellor

Effect of El Niño on African horse sickness and Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Ceratopogonidae) in South Africa. M. Baylis and R. Meiswinkel

The 1998 outbreak of horse sickness in South Africa: a new Culicoides vector (Ceratopogonidae)? R. Meiswinkel and J. Paweska

ICD4 - POSTERS

The Namibian National Collection of Insects - an African resource. A.H. Kirk-Spriggs

Contribution to the Mongolian biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). I. Országh and A. Ilíková

The larvicidal and repellent action of Garlic Barrier Ag® against the Scottish biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Ceratopogonidae). A. Blackwell, K.A. Lock, and M.R. Groom

Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Ceratopogonidae) in Europe: ecological parameters governing the recent colonisation of the Old World vector of BTV and AHSV. Y.M. Linton, J.F. Dallas, and A. J. Mordue (Luntz)

The astonishing climbing pupa of Mallochohelea inermis Kieffer (Ceratopogonidae). A.W.R. McCrae

Factors affecting the numbers of Culicoides Latreille (Ceratopogonidae) in truck traps in coastal south east Queensland. D.S. Kettle, P.B. Edwards, and A. Barnes

A Request for Assistance

    The Ceratopogonidae are one of the last of the families of Nematocera for which confident generic identifications of larvae and pupae are not yet possible. I am therefore undertaking a major revision of the larvae and pupae of the genera of Ceratopogonidae on a worldwide basis. I hope to redescribe or newly describe all known genera, produce keys to the generic level and interpret the available phylogenetic information. The study will provide illustrations of all genera and be supported by SEM photomicrographs. Hopefully it will provide the basis for future studies to further interpret the immatures, something that is sorely needed.

    I have written individually to many of my colleagues requesting any and all reared and associated material other than the larvae and pupae of Culicoides (I have enough of those to work with at the present time). If you have material, or know where some specimens may be located, I would appreciate hearing from you. Only 28 genera of Ceratopogonidae are known as larvae and only 41 as pupae (out of a total of 102 world genera) and of those, generally only a handful of species in a given genus have been reared. So, please, any help you can provide at this early stage of my investigation will be most helpful.

Art Borkent email: aborkent@jetstream.net
Research Associate: Royal British Columbia Museum and American Museum of Natural History
1171 Mallory Road
R1-S20-C43, Enderby,
British Columbia,
V0E 1V0, Canada

    Would you please add my name to your mailing list for the Ceratopogonidae Information Exchange newsletter?

Dr. Jonathan Day
University of Florida/IFAS
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
200 9th Street SE
Vero Beach, Florida 32962

    Cordial greetings and best wishes for you in the New Year of 1999. I have been busy at work with my students on the ceratopogonids of India. You find in the listing of New Literature a number of publications made/prepared with the help of my students/research collaborators. There are eight (8) publications and four (4) Ph.D. thesis guided and completed.

    Titles of the Doctoral Theses are listed below, the 8 publications are listed in the New Literature in this issue of the CIE.

"On the North Bihar species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)." by Mr. S. Hamidi, degree awarded North Bihar Univ., 1987.

"A taxonomic study of the Indian species of Atrichopogon and Dasyhelea biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera: Insecta)." by Ms. Maitri Bose, degree awarded Burdwan Univ., 1992.

"A taxonomic and biological study of the biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Damodar Valley Area, India." by Mr. N.C. Saha, degree awarded Burdwan Univ., 1996.

"Systematic and biology of the biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) of Midnapur Region of West Bengal." by Ms. S. Sinha, thesis under examination at Burdwan Univ., 1998.

    I also cooperate with ceratopogonid studies by other workers who embarked on such studies in India in the past few years. Now my ernest ambition is to sum up my life-long studies on these insects of India that will need a few more years' labor. Please continue to send me reprints of your papers on Ceratopogonidae.

    I am retired since April 1997, now P.T. Teacher & In-Charge of a DST (WB) Project in the Dept. on Biting Midges.

Dr. S.K. Dasgupta, D. Sc.
Professor and Head of the Department
P.G. Dept. of Zoology. Presidency College
86/1 College Street, Calcutta-700073
West Bengal, India

    My very best greetings to you for the New Year.
    Note concerning Atrichopogon wirthorum Delecolle & Braverman, 1996
    Our collegue Art Borkent drew our attention to the fact that Atrichopogon wirthorum, a species dedicated to W.W. Wirth, should have been named wirthi, to agree with the Latin flexion.
    We had initially adopted the this termination but our friend and collegue Bill Grogan, who agreed to read our first draft, pointed out that this name was preoccupied by A. wirthi Chan & Linley, 1988. To avoid the homonymy, he suggested that we replace the name of the new species by wirthiana or wirthorum as a tribute to both Bill and his wife Mabel Wirth. Unfortunately we omitted in the paper to precise the double dedication.
    In this note we wish to correct the omission, to be able to maintain the same name, wirthorum, for this species.
    We thank our collegue Art Borkent for pointing out this terminological problem, which we intend to recall in a future publication.

Cited literature:
    Chan K.L. & J.R. Linley. 1988. Description of Atrichopogon wirthi new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from leaves of the water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) in Florida. The Florida Entomologist, 71 (2) : 186-201.

    Delecolle, J.C. & Y. Braverman. 1996. A new species of Atrichopogon from Israel (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Memoir Entomol. Soc. Wash., 18 : 101-107.

Dr. J-C. Delecolle
Musee Zoologique
Universite Louis Pasteur
29, Boulevard de la Victorie
Strasbourg 67000
FRANCE

    Here are some things for this issue of CIE.

1. Szadziewski, R. and W. L. Grogan. 1998. Biting midges from Dominican amber. III. Species of the tribes Culicoidini and Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi 12: 39-52.
    This paper describes and illustrates 10 new species of biting midges enclosed in Domincan amber as follows:
    Culicoides - 5 species
    Brachypogon - 3 species
    Stilobezzia - 2 species
    Two other species, in Nannohelea and Stilobezzia are described and illustrated, but are not named.

2. Spinelli, G. R. and W. L. Grogan. 1998. A revision of the Neotropical predaceous midges of Brachypogon (Brachypogon) Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi 12:59-79.
    This paper describes and illustrates 12 new species of Neotropical predaceous midges of Brachypogon (B.) and provides a key for the recognition of all 18 extant Neotropical species in this genus.

    With Drs. Mark Frana and Gail Gasparich, we have continued research on isolating Spiroplasmas from ceratopogonids during this summer. We have been fortunate to have had more success in this area and have isolated at least 2 more strains/species of Spiroplasmas from several genera of biting midges. We plan on working on manuscripts that will characterize these microbes during the next few years.
    I also call your attention to the Spring 1998 issue of Wing Beats, of the Florida Mosquito Control Association. The cover and feature article in this issue of Wing Beats feature Scanning Electron Micrographs of mosquito eggs taken by John Linley. The Feature article in this issue (Wing Beats 9:22-26) is entitled "Beautiful Beginnings" by John Linley, L. Phillip Lounibos and Charlie Morris, which in addition to showcasing several of John's SEM's, also contains a list of John's publications that feature his "egg SEM's." A fitting tribute to our dear departed colleague.

    Just subscribing to the CIE. Earlier this year I conducted a survey of biting flies on great tits nesting in the Oxford University field site at Wytham Woods, during which we caught a large number of Culicoides in eight species. Excitingly, we were able to amplify great tit DNA microsatellites normally used for paternity analysis to confirm that bloodfed midges had indeed fed on great tits and even to idenitify the individual bird bitten within the nest.
    The work was prompted by the discovery of a high prevalence of haematozoa in these birds, principally Leucocytozoon majoris. From what I understand, this is most likely to be transmitted by simuliids, but we found no evidence of these at the nest, and wonder if one or more culicoides might not be the vector. We are intending to submit a further research proposal to study the dynamics of these parasites, and as part of this to do further work to incriminate the vector.

Dr. David Kelly
University of Oxford,                                 tel. (01865) 271 126
Department of Zoology,                             fax. (01865) 310 447
South Parks Road,                                     email (home) dwkelly@compuserve.com
Oxford OX1 3PS. UK

    Greetings and Sending my new address.

Dr. Jaroslaw KRZYWINSKI
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Notre Dame
P.O.Box 369
Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369

e-mail: jaroslaw.krzywinski.1@nd.edu
office phone: (219) 631-3272
lab phone: (219) 631-3241
fax: (219) 631-7413

    I have studied the karyotypes and morphotypes of 36 species of biting midges from 9 genera by the methods of karyomorphological analysis and numerical taxonomy. I have examined capacity for autogenous development of follicles in Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). By the end of this year I am hoping to finish a monograph on the biting midges "Adaptations and evolution (family Ceratopogonidae)" My university has a large Museum of Zoology where invertebrate and vertebrate animals are collected. I give my best wishes from dipterologists at Ivanovo, where during the last 60 years a center of dipterology research has exiseds under the guidance of professor N. V. Chelevin (1910-1977) first (ecology, Culicidae) and then emeritus professor A. M. Lobanov (morphology and ecology, Muscidae, Calliphoridae), professor P.šP. Ivanistchuk (karyology, Tabanidae).
    I have worked for 30 years at the Department of Biology at Ivanovo Medical Institute. Up to 1995, I have been working on Ceratopogonidae at Ivanovo Medical Academy, Biology Department. Then I began working as the Head of the Zoology Department at Ivanovo State University. During the last two years my projects sponsored by Russian Foundation of Fundamental Natural History (RFFNH). I have written and published two books: "Ecological and physiological adaptations of the biting midges (Ceratopogonidae)" and "Karyotypes of biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)." The books contain mainly data of my own research for the last 30 years on more than 15 genera of the biting midges in Russia and other parts of the former USSR.
    For those who may be interested, information on my books and other publications is given on my URL Http://www.interline.ivanovo.ru/~isajev

    At the moment I am preparing a manuscript of the book: "Adaptations and Evolution (family Ceratopogonidae)."
    I am grateful to all the colleagues who have sent me reprints of their works and their remarks on the project. I will be glad to receive information on this problem from all those who work in this area and send my own reprints and books by mail.

My recent publications:
Isaev V. A. Ecological and physiological adaptation of the biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). Ivanovo, Ivanovo State University, 1997. 70 p.

SUMMARY
    The evolution of the life cycle nematoceran Diptera and their seasonal adaptations are the fundamental components of the problems evolutionary ecology and of overall adaptive strategies of animals. Ceratopogonidae includes the blood-suckers and nonblood-suckers forms, which have medical, veterinary and agroeconomical importance. The book is devoted to some questions of the midges ecology and physiology. It is based on the authors owns materials collected during 1964-1996 in Russia (Ivanovo region) and 7 republics of former USSR. The author considered ecological value of biological peculiarities of midges. It is found that there is a certain correlation between trophical speciality, some adaptation (diapause, voltinism, fecundity, autogeny) in the life cycles and different changes in antropoecosystems. The trophic specificity, pattern of seasonal development (the diapausing stages and voltinism) the reproductive biology (autogeny and fecundity and its relationships with the body size) and the reaction of the midges to anthropogenic (press) actions are considered.
    The monograph can be useful mainly for ceratopogonidologists, entomologists, parasitologists, for students and my colleges from the universities.

Isajev V.A. Karyotypes of biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Ivanovo, Ivanovo State University, 1998. 76 p.

SUMMARY
    The biting midges have very minute size, and this large and diverse Diptera group, the family Ceratopogonidae (>4000 species), has escape attention of cytogenetics. The cytology of 2 species were studied in USA (1968, 1986) and 41 unknown karyotypes during 1976-1996 from Russia and some republic in the former USSR are analyzed by author.
    The monograph includes a revue of karyomorphological works on biting midges and other most closely family Diptera. It is new data on karyotypes of 41 species of Ceratopogonidae. The karyotaxonomic and phylogenetic relations of some hematophagous Diptera are discussed.

    My new work is directed at the life history of the family along with an understanding of the insect karyotypes. My research direction is somewhat different from that of Art Borkent, Canada. I am now familiar with Art's plan, about which I knew nothing before. We have some common initial information on morphology including SEM, life cycles and common method of study of phylogeny (cladistic).

Dr. Vladimir A. Isaev
Head of Department of Zoology,
D. Biol. Sc. and Professor,
Ivanovo State University,
Lenin Avenue, 136,
Ivanovo, 153004, Russia
Phone: (7)(0932)42-13-07
Fax: (7)(0932)42-13-07

URL Http://www.interline.ivanovo.ru/~isajev

e-mail: visaev@interline.ivanovo.ru

Subject: Nomina Auctorum

Dear colleagues,

Maybe some of you remember some discussion about putting a list of author abbreviations and full names on the www.

From now on, this list (Schmitt, Huebner & Gaedike: Nomina Auctorum.Nova Supplementa Entomologica 11, 1-192, 1998) is availble on the www under:

www.wiley-vch.de/berlin/journals/nse/index.html

From here, click Nova Supplementa Entomologica, Contents and Part 1 or 2 to see the list.

Dr. Michael Schmitt (Zoologischer Anzeiger, Managing Editor)

Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig

Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany

Phone/Fax +49 228-9122 286, e-mail: m.schmitt@uni-bonn.de

http://www.uni-bonn.de/~unb701/ENGLISH/ESCHMITT.HTML

Adler, S., P. Reay, P. Roy, and H-D. Klenk. 1998. Induction of T cell response by bluetongue virus core-like particles expressing a T cell epitope of the M1 protein of influenza A virus. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 187: 91-96.

Anderson, J.R and A.C. Nilssen. 1997. Trapping oestrid parasites of reindeer: The response of Cephenemyia trompe and Hypoderma tarandi to baited traps. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10: 337-346.

Anderson, E.C., and L.W. Rowe. 1998. The prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to Leptospira sp. in free-ranging wildlife in Zimbabwe. Epidemiology and Infection 121: 441-449.

Aradaib, I.E., W.C.Wilson, C.E. Schore, M.E.H. Mohammed, T.D.Yilma, J.S. Cullor, and B.I. Osburn. 1998. PCR Detection of North American and Central African Isolates of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Based on Genome Segment 10 of EHDV Serotype 1. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36: 2604-2608.

Bhatnagar, P., G. Prasad, N. K. Kakkar, S.K. Dasgupta, B.S. Rajpurohit, and R.N. Srivastava. 1997. A potential vector of bluetongue virus in north-western India. India J. Animal Sci. 67: 486-488.

Barnard, B.J.H. 1997. Some factors governing the entry of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) into stables. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 64: 227-233.

Barnard, B.J.H., G.H. Gerdes, and R. Meiswinkel. 1998. Some epidemiological and economic aspects of a bluetongue-like disease in cattle in South Africa - 1995/96 and 1997. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 65: 145-151.

Baylis, M., H. El Hasnaoui, H. Bouayoune, J. Touti, P.S. Mellor. 1997. The spatial and seasonal distribution of African horse sickness and its potential Culicoides vectors in Morocco. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 11: 203-212.

Baylis, M., H. El Hasnayoune, J. Touti, and P.S. Mellor. 1998. Culicoides in relation to transmission of African horse sickness virus in The Gambia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 12: 155-159.

Blackwell, A. 1997. Diel flight periodicity of the biting midge Culicoides impunctatus and the effects of meteorological conditions. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 11: 361-367.

Blackwell, A., and F.C. King. 1997. The vertical distribution of Culicoides impunctatus larvae.
Medical and Veterinary Entomology 11: 45-48.

Blackwell, A., L.J. Wadhams, and W. Mordue. 1997. Electrophysiological and behavioural studies of the biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae): Interactions between some plant-derived repellent compounds and a host-odour attractant, 1-octen-3-ol. Physiological Entomology 22:102-108.

Boorman, J. 1997. Two species of Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.) new to Britain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 133: 173-174.

Borkent, A. 1998. A revision of Neurobezzia Wirth & Ratanaworabhan and Neurohelea Kieffer, with a description of a new genus and discussion of their phylogenetic relationships (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 29: 137-160.

Capela, R.A. and I. Pena. 1997. Vectors of African horse sickness virus in Guinea-Bissau. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 6: 381-384.

Capela, RA; I. Pena, and M. Kremer. 1997. The Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of the Madeira Archipelago. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 6: 397-399.

Carreno, R.A., J.C. Kissinger, T.F. McCutchan, J.R. Barta. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of haemosporinid parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporina) and their coevolution with vectors and intermediate hosts. Archiv fuer Protistenkunde 148: 245-252.

Dasgupta, S.K., and N.C. Saha. 1995. A new genus of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) From India. Environment & Ecology 13: 637-640.

Dasgupta, S.K. 1995. Morpotaxonomic features and species of Indian Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as a chapter in the book entitled, "Bluetongue: Indian Perspective." CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ. Publn. 115 -188.

Day, J.F, D. Duzak, Y. Braverman, A. Chizov-Ginzburg, and J.R. Linley. 1997. Ultrastructure of the eggs of Culicoides circumscriptus, Culicoides gejgelensis, and Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of American Mosquito Control Association 13: 76-83.

Dyce, A.L. and W.W. Wirth. 1997. The Purus group, a newly recognised natural species-group in the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), including species from Australia, New Guinea and Sulawesi. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 575-598.

Elliott, A.G., W.A. Hubert, and S.H. Anderson. 1997. Habitat associations and effects of urbanization on macroinvertebrates of a small high-plains stream. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 12: 61-73.

Fellippe-Bauer, M.L., and G.R. Spinelli. 1998. A new Neotropical species of Monohelea Kieffer from Uruguay (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 93: 63-64.

Gangopadhyay, D., and S.K. Dasgupta. 1998. Glimpses of the biodiversity of Culicoides insects (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). In Press: Proc National Sem Environ Biology, Visva Bharati Univ.

Glukhova, V.M., and N.K. Brodskaya. 1997. Description of a New Species of Non-Bloodsucking Biting Midges of the Genus Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Karelia. Entomological Review C/C of Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 77: 561-565.

Homer, F., K. Lal, and W. Johnson. 1998. Forest species regeneration and management options in the Melajo Nature Reserve, Trinidad and Tobago. Environmental Conservation 25: 53-64.

Hribar, L.J. 1998. Biological & morphological notes on Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomological News 109: 282-284.

Kettle, D.S., P.B. Edwards, and A. Barnes. 1998. Factors affecting numbers of Culicoides in truck traps in coastal Queensland. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 12: 367-377.

Krzywinski, J. 1997. Palpomyia remmi Havelka, 1974 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) new to Norway. Fauna Norvegica, Series B. 44: 83-84.

Lardeux, F.J.R. and T. Ottenwaelder. 1997. Density of larval Culicoides belkini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in relation to physicochemical variables in different habitats. Journal of Medical Entomology 32: 387-395.

Liu, Zengjia. 1997. A new species of Leptoconops (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from China. Entomotaxonomia 19: 40-42.

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