Greetings to you all. The year of 1995 and this portion of 1996 have been quite productive from our review of the literature on Ceratopogonidae. The 1996 Biting Fly Workshop hosted by Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge was particularly stimulating, specifically the formal symposium on host-seeking behavior of diurnally active dipteran pests of livestock and man. It was great to meet colleagues from England, Zimbabwe, Australia, Canada, Netherlands, as well as the folks from across the U.S.A.

    I have received research updates from a number of scientists for this issue. Appreciate the excellent participation by all contributors. I encourage each of you to continue your efforts to communicate via the CIE.

    Would those of you who have access to e-mail please send me an e-mail of your address? As we continue to use the communication power of the Internet, we may be able to correspond more via e-mail. A listing of your e-mail addresses given thus far is enclosed and will be updated in a future issues of the CIE. Please let us know of your activities in your Ceratopogonid work for the next CIE issue due out in November.

                                                                                     Thanks and best regards,
                                                                                     Sincerely,
                                                                                     Daniel V. Hagan, Ph.D.
Summary of CIE Contents:
Announcements ...................................................... 2
Contributions from Cerat. Scientists ...................... 2
Recent Literature on Ceratopogonidae ................... 5

For CIE Participants, please send me your e-mail address to dhagan@GaSoU.edu

    Wayne Kramer is to host the 1997 Biting Fly Workshop in Nebraska. Details are unavailable at press time, but I will pass on more information in the November CIE Newsletter.

    Just a note to let you know that Georgia Southern University has extended an invitation to the North American Dipterists Society (NADS) for the 1997 meeting (probably Spring or Summer 1997). I, along with my colleagues (Drs. Frank E. French and Sturgis McKeever), plus graduate students are planning to host the '97 meeting here in coastal Georgia, U.S.A.

    I (plus, French and McKeever) attended the first NADS meeting in April 1989 at Archbold Biol. Station, Florida. I unfortunately managed to miss the Portal, Ariz. and Costa Rica meetings. Frank & Sturgis were there in CR this past year.

    We plan to hold the meetings in Statesboro and have some great collecting "field trips" to the Okeefenokee Swamp, to Sapelo, Jekyll, Sea Island and/ or St. Catherines Island (barrier islands) and/or to the sand ridge communities (relict dunes, 40 K years old). The coastal city of Savannah (250 yrs. old) is only 60 mins away from Statesboro via interstate (I-16).

    We welcome our Canadian colleagues, and U.S. and Mexican colleagues and any other international participants. Statesboro is easy to get to driving or by flying (into Savannah International Airport).
                                                                                                    Dan Hagan

    The 1996 Biting Fly Workshop (May 12-16) as noted earlier was a roaring success. The Formal Symposium in New Orleans May 13-14, 1996, on Host-seeking Behavior of Diurnally Active Dipteran Pests of Livestock was particularly well received. Lecturers who presented included: Glyn Vale, John Hargrove, Steve Torr, Jerry Butler, Jim Sutcliffe, Willem Taaken, Steve Mihok, Roland Agbede, Jim Sutcliffe, Robert Urech and Martin Hall. There were comprehensive 45 min to 1 hr. presentations on tsetse, tabanids, stable flies, black flies, horn flies, head flies, and screwworm. Then Glyn Vale summarized the meeting and give us some thoughts on areas for future research. The great hospitality of New Orleans was enjoyed by all participants. Thanks to Jimmy Wedincamp and Lane Foil for hosting a great BFW.

    June 17-20, 1996, the 40th Annual Livestock Insect Workers Conference will be held at the Y-O Ranch Holiday Inn and Conference Center in Kerrville, Texas. It is sponsored by the Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insect Laboratory which is celebrating its 50th anniversary.

    The formal conference begins at 1:00 PM on Monday, June 17 and concludes at noon on Thursday, June 20.

    I am continuing my work on Ceratopogonidae in amber and am presently studying material from Lebanon (about 125 million years old). My work on the larvae and pupae of Ceratopogonidae is continuing, with partial keys completed. I am hoping to produce a large work in which the immatures are described, keyed and their phylogenetic significance interpreted. I am also working up the systematics of a few small groups: Neurohelea, Neurobezzia (I now have males of this genus), Baeodasymyia (3 new species from Costa Rica; one of these reared) and a few others.

    The world catalogue of Ceratopogonidae is virtually complete and requires only one additional publication. If anyone has either a copy or a complete citation of a paper by Chen published in 1982 describing Culicoides putianensis (on page 2) I would very much appreciate hearing from anyone soon.

    Please note and add my email address. Art Borkent <aborkent@awinc.com>

Recent publication:
Borkent, A. 1996. Biting midges from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey Amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates 3159:1-29.

    I would like to announce my current plans on the study of ceratopogonids. I began to work on taxonomy of the subfamily Dasyheleinae. This subfamily with the single genus Dasyhelea includes almost 90 species from Russia and adjacent regions. The taxonomic study of the genus in Russia based on adult forms (works of Prof. H. Remm), whereas larvae and pupae of the majority species remain nearly unknown. In 1995, I published my first paper: "A new species of biting midge of the genus Dasyhelea Kieff. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Leningrad Region" in the International J. Dipterological Research, No 6. Now I am preparing a paper with Dr. Glukhova as a co-author with descriptions of all phases of three new species of Dasyhelea: from Karelia (northeastern Russia), from Kalinigrad Region (east of Russia) and from Kyrgyzstan. Besides, I prepared the key on larvae of the IV stage of 12 species of Dasyhelea in the "Key to freshwater invertebrates of Russia and adjacent lands" (editor S.J. Tsalolikhin), to be published this year. This series is edited by the Zoological Institute RAS.

    I continue to work diligently coediting with Wayne Mathis the Festschrift for W.W. Wirth to be published in the Memoirs of Wash. Entomol. Soc. in the Fall of 1996.

    My scientific interest in ceratopogonids continues. I continue to enjoy the collaboration with Sturgis McKeever of GSU, and Bill Grogan (Salisbury State University) on study of the ultrastructure of the mouthparts of the predaceous midges, using light and SEM. I have a graduate student Deborah S. Brickle who is completing requirements for the M.S. in Biology this summer; her thesis research involves CDC light trapping (Octenol baited) and the larval habitat (tree holes and soil) surveys of Culicoides of four ecologically distinct sites in the county (Bulloch) in which our university is located. In addition to the interesting information on species present, parity status of females, habitat preferences and distribution across the county, she has found a number of nematode parasitized midges which have resulted in intersexed morphologies. And to make things more interesting, we are finding a number of Culicoides spp. here 60-70 miles from the coast that we would expect to be exclusively collected in the saltmarsh or estuarine habitat.

    Deborah Brickle and I also seem to have found a new species of Culicoides in the Belize, Central America collections, as recently verified by Gustavo Spinelli (Argentina). We will be corresponding with him more on this soon.

    John Boorman (UK) and I submitted a ms. "A Name List of World Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" to the International Journal of Dipterological Research, and have yet to hear anything of it. I hope it has not been lost by FedEx. In addition, I submitted my subscription to IJDR Executive Secretary (MSc. Gunilla Ståhls, Zoological Museum, Helsinki, Finland) back in January and have yet to hear of that.

    We are continuing our efforts to better understand the role of Culicoides species in the transmission of bluetongue (BLU) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) viruses in the southeastern United States. Our field studies have been focused on the dynamics of transmission of these viruses in cattle and sheep in Lee County, Alabama, where all 5 North American serotypes of BLU virus (types 2, 10, 11, 13 and 17) have been documented in cattle. The study location is of particular interest because of the extremely low numbers of C. variipennis that occur there, reinforcing the belief that other Culicoides spp. are involved in maintaining the high rate of active BLU transmission at this site. Cattle and sheep have been seromonitored monthly over a 2-year period to determine the rates of serocoversion for both BLU and EHD serotypes using a serum neutralization assay. Concurrent with the seromonitoring of host animals, we have conducted a nightly light-trapping program to monitor the composition and seasonal occurrence of Culicoides species throughout the same 2-year period. All of the Culicoides collections have been sorted to species and are being tested for the various viral serotypes using a multiplex polymerase chair reaction (PCR) assay developed by William C. Wilson, USDA-ARS Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. A major contributor to this research has been Renee Anderson, a doctoral student, who has conducted the light-trapping program and set up the PCR assay for detection of the viral serotypes in the field-collected Culicoides specimens. The seromonitoring program has been done in cooperation with James C. Wright, Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine. This effort should provide at least circumstantial evidence for determining the Culicoides spp. involved in transmission of these viruses in Alabama, and correlations between the rates of exposure of animals to BLU and EHD viruses and the seasonal occurrence of individual Culicoides populations at the same site.

Albert, D.L., S.J. Brodie, V.G. Sasseville and D.J. Ringler. 1996. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in owl monkeys is associated with increased eosinophilopoiesis yet depressed recruitment kinetics to the chemokine RANTES. Blood, in press.

Alexander K.A. 1995. African horse sickness and African carnivores. Veterinary Microbiology 47: 133-140.

Aradaib, I.E., W.C. Wilson, I.W. Cheyney and B.I. Osburn. 1995. Application of PCR for specific identification of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype2. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 7: 388-392.

Aradaib, I.E., J.W. McBride, W.C. Wilson and B.I. Osburn. 1995. Development of polymerase chain reaction for specific identification of epizootic hemorrhagic virus serotype 1. Arch. Virol. 140: 2273-2281.

Bello, T.R. 1996. Alternative antiparasitic treatment of horses with pyrantel pamoate suspension and Ivermectin oral solution compared with horses treated only with Ivermectin oral solution. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 16: 106-110.

Bergman, R.N. 1996. Development of Onchocerca cervicalis to the 3rd larval stage in Simulium pictipes. Journal of Helminthological Society of Washington. 63: 105-109.

Bhat, R.M. 1996. Adaptation and growth-pattern of bluetongue virus serotype-1 in an insect cell-line. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 66: 113-119.

Bishop, A.L. 1995. The effects of habitat on the distribution of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) during its resting phase. Australian Journal of Zoology. 43: 531-539.

Blacksell, S.D. 1996. A simplified fluorescence inhibition test for the serotype determination of Australian bluetongue viruses. Australian Veterinary Journal. 73: 33-34.

Blackwell, A.A. 1996. Methods for Enhancing the Blood-feeding Response of field-collected Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology. 33: 504-506.

Blackwell, A.A. 1996. The use of an enhanced Elisa method for the identification of Culicoides bloodmeals in host-preference studies. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 9: 214-218.

Borkent, A. and D.A. Craig. 1994. The structure and function of the abdominal eversible sacs of female Bezzia varicolor (Coquillett) (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera). The Canadian Entomologist. 126: 533-541.

Borkent, A. 1996. Biting midges from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey Amber (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera). American Museum of Natural History. 3159: 1-29.

Braverman, Y. 1995. Susceptibility of Culicoides imicola to cyhalothrin. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 9: 443-444.

Brodie, S.J., H.M. Bickle and J.C. DeMartini. 1995. Ovine lentivirus-associated subclinical encephalomyelitis: Virological markers in cerebrospinal fluid are predictive of central nervous system disease. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 77: 14-18.

Brodie, S.J., D. Mwaengo, L.D. Pearson and J.C. DeMartini. 1995. Molecular approaches to diagnosis of ovine lentivirus infection. In: Y. Becker and G. Darai, eds. PCR: Protocol for Diagnosis of Human and Animal Virus Diseases. Frontiers of Virology, Vol II: 509-516. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Brodie, S.J., L.D. Pearson, L.H. Thompson and H.M. Bickle. 1996. Immunopathology of Maedi: A lentiviurs closely related to the human immunodeficiency virus. In prep.

Brodie, S.J., K.D. Barksley, L.H. Thompson, L.D. Pearson and W.C. Wilson. 1996. The effects of natural and artificially-induced immunosuppression on bluetongue virus pathogenesis. In prep.

Brodie, S.J., K.D. Bardsley, L.H. Thompson, J.O. Mecham and W.C. Wilson. 1996. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer: A peracute multicentric orbivirus-induced hemorrhagic disease syndrome. In prep.

Brodie, S.J., V.G. Sasseville, A.A. Lackner, D.R. Pauley, M.D. Daniel, R.C. Desrosiers and D.J. Ringler. 1996. Immunopathogenic events in acute and chronic infection of rhesus macaques with a macrophage-tropic molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac316em). J. Virol., in press.

Brodie, S.J., L.D. Pearson, M.C. Zink, H.M. Bickle, B.C. Anderson, K.A. Marcom and J.C. DeMartini. 1995. Ovine lentivirus expression and disease: virus replication, but not entry, is restricted to macrophages of specific tissues. Am. J. Pathol. 146: 1-13.

Carroll, J.F. and E.T. Schmidtmann. 1996. Dispersal of blackegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs and adults at the woods-pasture interface. J. Med. Entomol., accepted.

Carroll, J.F. and E.T. Schmidtmann. 1996. Silt fence barriers for preventing dispersal in black legged nymphs and adults. J. Med. Entomol., accepted.

Carroll, J.F., J.R. Mills and E.T. Schmidtmann. 1996. Field and laboratory responses of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) to kairomones produced by white-tailed deer. J. Med. Entomol., accepted.

Chadee, D.D. 1995. Mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine for thecontrol of bancroftian-filariasis - a 12-year follow-up in northern Trinidad, including observations on Mansonella ozzardi. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 52: 174-176.

Cheney, I.W., M.L. Larson, J.O. Mecham and W.C. Wilson. 1995. Geographical genetic variation in the gene coding VP3 from the Alberta of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Virus Res. 36: 279-286.

Cheney, I.W., M. Yamakawa, P. Roy, J.O. Mecham and W.C. Wilson. 1996. Molecular characerization of the segment 2 gene of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2: Gene sequence and genetic diversity. Virology, accepted.

Clastrier, J. 1993. Description de cinq especes nouvelles de Stiloculicoides Wirth et Grogan originaires de l Afrique tropicale et du departement francais de Vaucluse (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Nouv. Revue Ent. 10(2): 133-143.

Clastrier, J. 1993. Diptera Ceratopogonidae de Nouvelle-Caledonie 10. Genre Monohelea. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle Entomologia. 157: 157-164.

Clastrier, J., and J.C. Delecolle. 1993. Diptera Ceratopogonidae de Nouvelle-Caledonie. 9. Genre Forcipoymia, sous-genres Lasiohelea et Microhelea. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle Entomologia. 3: 131-156.

Clastrier, J., D. Grand, and J. Legrand. 1994. Observations exceptionnelles en France de Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) paludis (Macfie), parasite des ailes de Libellules (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae et Odonata). Bullentin de la Societe entomologique de France. 99(2): 127-130.

Clastrier, J., and J.C. Delecolle. 1994. Description de Forcipoymia (Phytohelea) musae n. sp. de la Guyane Francaise (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revue fr. Ent. (N.S.). 16(2): 51-56.

Clastrier, J. 1994. Stilobezzia sahariensis Kieffer, 1923 et Stilobezzia aureola Clastrier, 1963 sont deux especes distinctes (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Bullentinde la Societe entomologique de France. 99(1): 68.

de la Concha-Bermejillo, A., S. Magnus-Corral, S.J. Brodie and J.C. DeMartini. 1996. Shedding of ovine lentivirus in semen of infectd rams. J. Vet. Diag. Invest., in press.

de la Concha-Bermejillo, A., S. Magnus-Corral, S.J. Brodie, R.A. Bowen and J.C. DeMartini. 1995. Pathologic and serologic responses of isogenetic twin lambs to phenotypically-distinct ovine lentiviruses. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. Human Retroviruses 8: 116-123.

de la Concha-Bermejillo, A., S. Magnus-Corral, S.J. Brodie, R.F. Rosenbusch and J.C. DeMartini. 1996. Pathologic responses of lambs to experimental inoculation with Acholeplasma laidlawii. J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 8: 115-118.

Daniels, P.W. 1995. Australian-Indonesian collaboration in veterinary arbovirology - a review. Veterinary Microbiology. 46: 151-174.

Deleon, A.A. 1996. Apyrase activity and adenosine-diphosphate induced platelet-aggregation inhibition by the salivary-gland proteins of Culicoides variipennis, the North American vector of bluetongue viruses. Veterinary Parasitology. 61: 327-338.

Dyce, A.L., and R. Meiswinkel. 1995. Tokunagahelea, a new subgenus of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region with description of two new species. Invertebr. Taxon. 9: 129-147.

Fischer, J.R. 1995. An epizootic of hemorrhagic-disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Missouri - necropsy findings and population-impact. J. Wildlife Diseases. 31: 30-36.

Greiner, E.C. 1995. Entomologic evaluation of insect hypersensitivity in horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America-equine Practice. 11: 29-41.

Harding, M.J. 1996. Development of PCR-based tests for the identification of North American isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research-revue Canadienne De Recherche Veterinaire. 60: 59-64.

Holbrook, F.R and W.J. Tabachnick. 1995. The Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) complex in California. J. Med Entomol. 32: 413-419.

Holbrook, F.R., W.J. Tabachnick and R.C. Brady. 1996. The Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) complex in the six New England states. Med. Vet. Entomol., accepted.

Hooper, P.T. 1996. A trial comparing the virulence of some South African and Australian bluetongue viruses. Australian Veterinary Journal. 73: 36-37.

Howerth, E.W. 1995. Low-prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic-disease viruses in dogs from southern Georgia. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 7: 393-394.

Hunt, G.J. 1996. Handling small arbovirus vectors safely during biosafety level 3 containment - Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) and exotic bluetongue viruses. Journal of Medical Entomology. 33: 271-277.

Hunt, G.J. and W.J. Tabachnick. 1995. Cold storage effects on egg hatch in laboratory-reared Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 11: 335-338.

Hunt, G.J. and W.J. Tabachnick. 1996. Handling small arbovirus vectors safely during Biosafety Level 3 containment: Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogondiae) and exotic bluetongue viruses. J. Med. Entomol., in press.

Jensen, M.J. and W.C. Wilson. 1995. Comparison of segment 10 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 to cognate orbivirus genes. Arch. Virol. 140: 799-805.

Jensen, M.J., J.O. Mecham, L.E. McHolland and W.C. Wilson. 1996. Persistent viral infections in a Culicoides variipennis cell-line. J. Virol., submitted.

Kitching, R.P. 1995. The risk of exotic virus-disease to Ireland. Irish Veterinary Journal. 48: 138+

Kline, D.L. 1995. Field-evaluation of heat as an added attractant to traps baited with carbon-dioxide and octenol for Aedes taeniorhynchus. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 11: 454-456.

Lord., C.C. 1996. Vector-borne diseases and the basic reproduction number - a case-study of African horse sickness. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 10: 19-28.

Lord, C.C. 1996. Simulation studies of African horse sickness and Culicoides imicola (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology. 33: 328-338.

Martin, P.A.W., A.S. Shropshire and E.T. Schmidtmann. 1995. Characterization of aerobic microbiota associated with the tick vector of Lyme disease. Abstract. Amer. Soc. Microbiol.

Masan, P., and I. Orszagh. 1994. Records of phoretic mites (Acarina, Mesostigmata) on biting midges Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Biologis, Bratislava. 49: 207-210.

Masan, P., and I. Orszagh. 1995. Mites (Acarina) associated with species of genera Lithobius (Chilopoda: Lithobidae) and Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 7: 61-66.

Mecham, J.O. 1996. Characterization of serotype-specific and group-specific epitopes on VP7 of epizootic hemorrhagic viruses. In prep.

Mecham, J.O. and M.M. Jochim. 1996. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer (EHDV). In prep.

Mecham, J.O. and L.E. McHolland. 1996. Neutralization of bluetongue virus occurs at a postadsorption step. In prep.

Mecham, J.O. and W.C. Wilson. 1995. Common and unique epitopes on VP7 of the U.S. serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Am. Soc. Virol. Abstr. P 24-1.

Mertens, P.P. 1996. Enhanced Infectivity of Modified Bluetongue Virus-particles For 2 Insect-cell Lines and for 2 Culicoides Vector Species. Virology 217: 582-593.

Mikhailov, M. 1996. A New Form of Particulate Single and Multiple Immunogen Delivery System Based on Recombinant Bluetongue Virus-derived Tubules. Virology 217: 323-331.

Miller, L.D., J.O. Mecham, et al. 1995. Report of the committee on bluetongue and bovine etrovirus. Proc. U.S. Animal Health Assoc. pp. 51-59.

Miller, R.W. and E.T. Schmidtmann. 1996. Urine-delivery of Cyromazine for control of muscoid flies in calf hutch bedding: fly control and tissue residue analysis. J. Econ. Entomol., accepted.

Mullens, B.A., W.J. Tabachnick, F.R. Holbrook and L.H. Thompson. 1995. Effects of temperature on virogenesis of bluetongue serotype 11 in Culicoides variipennis sonorensis. Vet. Med. Entomol. 9: 71-76.

Mullens, B.A., and R.K. Velten. 1994. Laboratory culture and life history of Heleidomeris magnapapula in its host, Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Nematology. 26: 1-10.

Mullens, B.A., E.O. Paine, and R.K. Velten. 1995. Temperature effects on survival and development of Heleidomermis magnapapula in the laboratory. Journal of Nematology. 27: 29-35.

Mullens, B.A. 1995. Flight activity and response to carbon dioxide of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Southern California. Journal of Med. Ent. 32(3): 310-315.

Mullens, B.A., and M.J. Lehane. 1995. Fluorescence as a tool for age determination in Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Med. Ent. 32(4): 569-571.

Nevill, H., and A.L. Dyce. 1994. Afrotropical Culicoides: Description and comparison of the pupae of seven species of the similis supergroup (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Vet. Research. 61: 85-106.

Nunamaker, R.A., S.E. Brown and D.L. Knudson. 1995. Physical mapping of complex traits in an arthropod vector of animal diseases: Culicoides variipennis and the bluetongue viruses. Beltsville Symposium XX: Biotechnology Role in the Genetic Improvement of Farm Animals, May 14-17, 1995. Abstr. P40.

Nunamaker, R.A., S.E. Brown and D.L. Knudson. 1996. Metaphase chromosomes of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J. Med. Entomol., accepted.

Nunamaker, R.A., S.E. Brown and D.L. Knudson. 1996. Fluorscence in situ hybridization: applications in entomology. Amer. Entomol., in prep.

Nunamaker, R.A., V.C. Dean, K.E. Murphy and J.A. Lockwood. 1996. Stress proteins elicited by cold shock in the biting midges, Culicoides variipennis sonorensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113B: 73-77.

Nunamaker, R.A., J.O. Meacham, J.G. Wigington and J.A. Ellis. 1996. Bluetongue virus in laboratory-reared Culicoides variipennis sonorensis: applications of dot-blot, ELISA and immunoelectron microscopy. J. Med. Entomol., submitted.

Nunamaker, R.A., J.O. Meacham, F.R. Holbrook and J.A. Lockwood. 1996. Applications of dot-lot, ELISA and immunoelectron microscopy to field detection of bluetongue virus in Culiocoides variipennis sonorensis: an ecological perspective. J. Med. Entomol., submitted.

Orszagh, I. 1992. Pakomariky rodu Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) okolia ceskoslovenskeho useku Dunaja. Entomologicke problemy. 22: 1-13.

Orszagh, I. and P. Masan. 1992. Seasonal Dynamics of two populations Culicoides punctatus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia. Biologia (Bratislava). 47,8: 619-626.

Orszagh, I. and P. Masan. 1992. Seasonal abudance of Culicoides obsoletus and C. maritimus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia. Acta Zool. Univ. Comenianae. 36: 51-60.

Orszagh, I., L. Jedlicka, J. Halgos and V. Stloukalova. 1994. Haematophagous Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae) in Bratislava on the Right Bank of the Danube. Acta Zool. Univ. Comenianae. 38: 47-78.

Paine, E.O. and B.A. Mullens. 1994. Distribution, seasonal occurrence, and patterns of parasitism of Heleidomermis magnapapula (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in California. Environmental Entomology. 23(1): 155-160.

Parsonson, I.M., A.J. Luedke, T.L. Barber and T.E. Walton. 1994. Bluetongue infection in pregnant ewes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 55: 666-669.

Perez de Leon, A.A. and W.J. Tabachnick. 1996. Apyrase activity and adenosine diphoshpate induced platelet aggregation by the salivary gland proteins of Culicoides variipennis, the North American vector of bluetongue viruses. Vet. Parasitol. 61: 327-338.

Perez de Leon, A.A., J.G. Valenzuela and W.J. Tabachnick. 1996. Anticoagulant activity in salivary glands of Culicoides variipennis, the North American vector of the bluetongue viruses, by an inhibitor of factor IXa. J. Infect. Dis., in prep.

Perich, M.J., D. Strickman, R.A. Wirtz, S.A. Stockwell, J.I. Glick, R. Burge, G. Hunt and P.G. Lawyer. 1995. Field evaluation of four repellents against Lepotoconops americanus (Diptera: Ceratopgonidae) biting midges. J. Med. Entomol., 32: 306- 309.

Pritchard, L.I., A.R. Gould, P.P.C. Mertens, W.C. Wilson and L.H. Thompson. 1995. Complete nucleotide sequence of bluetongue virus serotype 2 RNA segment 3 (Ona-A). Phylogenetic analyses reveal the probable origins of this virus. Virus Res. 35: 247-261.

Robertson, M.A. and W.J. Tabachnick. 1995. Genetic mapping strategies of complex traits in arthropod vectors of disease. Proc. of Genome Mapping in Animals, Beltsville, MD, Abstr., 1995.

Robertson, M.A. and W.J. Tabachnick. 1996. Simple sequence repeat polymorphisms as genetic markers in Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J. Med. Entomol., in prep.

Robertson, M.A., W.J. Tabachnick and W.C. Black, IV. 1996. The use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in population genetic analyses of Culicoides variipennis in North America. J. Med. Entomol., in prep.

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