THE CERATOPOGONIDAE INFORMATION EXCHANGE

 

The CIE, issued twice a year (no subscription costs but donations to help with photocopying/mailing costs are welcomed), was begun in 1968 as a
newsletter to facilitate communication between workers interested in Ceratopogonidae.  The format is extremely flexible.  Contributions may be of any
length and deal with any subject having some bearing on the study of ceratopogonids.  For example, contributors may report their current interests
or plans, observations or techniques of probable value to the readership, requests for addresses, study material or reprints, or any other matter of
concern.  The newsletter serves also as a bulletin for planning and communicating information on meetings, symposia, workshops and so forth. 
Finally, there is in every issue a compilation of recent literature in the field.


Any person(s) wishing to contribute to the newsletter or to receive future issues via e-mail should contact:

 

Dr. C. Steven Murphree     e-mail: murphrees@mail.belmont.edu

Department of Biology        Phone: 615-460-6221

Belmont University              Fax: 615-460-5458

1900 Belmont Boulevard

Nashville, TN  37212-3757

U.S.A.

 

 

CIE Vol. 78 – December 2006 -The Ceratopogonidae Information Exchange Newsletter

 

Dear Colleagues,


Greetings!  First, my apologies for any inconvenience that you may have experienced in trying to access the website this fall. 
When my university’s web developers premiered our new website, the CIE pages would not load and this was not corrected
until approx. 6 weeks later.  Please go ahead and bookmark the new url: http://campus.belmont.edu/cienews/cie.html

As always, I would appreciate your comments concerning the usefulness of our website and how it could be improved.

 

Much research has occurred during the past 6 months as can be seen in the 78 publications, mostly in refereed journals, that
appear in the Recent Literature section.  The many reports of bluetongue in Europe and the Mediterranean region are of particular
interest.  Please continue to send me print or electronic copies of your publications.  For example, Heron Huerta sent three
research publications via e-mail, one of which did not appear in my recent search for new literature published about Ceratopogonidae.
Had Heron not sent this paper, I would not have included it in this issue of our  newsletter.


Volume 79 of this newsletter will appear in mid-May, 2007.  Please send research summaries, requests for information, etc. to
me by Friday, May 11.

With best wishes for a Merry Christmas,

Steve Murphree

Nashville, Tennessee,

U.S.A.

 

            Summary of CIE Contents:

 

 

Announcements

 

New CIE Members/Address Changes

 

Contributions from Scientists

 

Recent Literature on Ceratopogonidae

    Taxonomy & Morphology
    Ecology & Methodology
    Bluetongue Virus & Other Pathogens

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Announcements


1.  Alison Blackwell’s research group, Advanced Pest Solutions, has placed a number of good resources

     on their website pertaining to Scottish biting midges:   http://www.advancedpestsolutions.co.uk/ . 

     An informative newsletter is published twice each year as well as a “Midge Forecast” available during

     summer and fall (http://www.midgeforecast.co.uk/home/forecast.asp). 

 

     Alison may be contacted at: ablackwell@advancedpestsolutions.co.uk.

 

 

 

New CIE Subscribers/Address Changes:

 

New Subscribers:

 

Dr. Annalisa Marchi                             

e-mail marchi@unica.it

Università degòi studi di Cagliari

Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale

Viale Poetto 1

09126, ITALY


Dr. Francisco Collantes

e-mail: fcollant@um.es

Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física

Facultad de Biología. Campus de Espinardo

Universidad de Murcia

30100 MURCIA

SPAIN

 

Dr. Juan A. Delgado

e-mail: jdelgado@um.es

Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física

Facultad de Biología. Campus de Espinardo

Universidad de Murcia

30100 MURCIA

SPAIN

 

Address Changes:

Rudy Meiswinkel                                      e-mail: r.meiswinkel@izs.it
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
Abruzzo e del Molise
via Campo Boario
Termo 64100
ITALY  

Dr. Daniel V. Hagan                                 e-mail:  Hagan_DV@mercer.edu
Div. Basic Med. Sciences                     
Mercer University-School of Medicine     
1550 College St., Box 173
Macon, GA 31207-001                       
phone: 478-301-2433                             
Fax: 478-301-5487

Dr Errol M. Nevill                                       e-mail: nevill@slingshot.co.nz                     
5 Eastside Drive                         
PUKEKOHE  2120                  AUCKLAND                                         
NEW ZEALAND

Paola Scaramozzino                                    e-mail: paola.scaramozzino@izslt.it
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale
del Lazio e della Toscana
Via Appia Nuova, 1411
00178 Roma, ITALY
                                                                                                    

 

 

 

Contributions from Scientists:

 

Dr. Daniel V. Hagan             Mercer University - School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, U.S.A.

Hagan_DV@mercer.edu

 

[Most CIE members Hill recognize Dr. Hagan as the immediate “past-editor” of the CIE Newsletter

and website -Ed]

 

Well, I have good news and bad news.  First the good news: I retired from the Dept. of Biology at Georgia Southern
University, in Statesboro, GA, Dec. 2004.  I was pleased to receive the academic rank of Professor Emeritus of Biology
from Georgia Southern University, and still get some e-mail at my address there.  But then, I guess, the bad news: I
"flunked" retirement.  I moved to Macon, GA and took an academic position teaching medical physiology with Mercer
University - School of Medicine.  I plan to continue to work on the biology/ taxonomy of Ceratopogonidae here
completing some projects and starting some new ones.    

 

My new contact/ address:

Dr. Daniel V. Hagan, PhD

Div. Basic Med. Sciences

Mercer University - School of Medicine

1550 College St., Box 173

Macon, GA 31207-001

Office: 478-301-2433

Fax:     478-301-5487

e-mail: Hagan_DV@mercer.edu

Website:  http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/~dhagan/ 

 

As for my research, I continue to have enjoy collaboration with scientists in Norway and Poland on ceratopogonid insects in
 the pine canopy.  We were invited to contribute to the following chapter for a monograph on Forest Canopies in Central Europe
 for 2006:

 

In Press, 2006 - ”Search in the canopies, and you will find new species records of insects,” by Karl H. Thunes, Ivar Gjerde, Daniel
V. Hagan, and Ryszard Szadziewski.  Canopy Arthropod Research in Central Europe – Basic and Applied Studies from the High
Frontier, A. Floren & J. Schmidl, ed.,  Publishers Bioform, Germany  for details see:   www.bioform.de

 

Authors’ addresses are:

 

Karl H. Thunes1), Ivar Gjerde1), Daniel V. Hagan2), and Ryszard Szadziewski3)

 

1)      Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Fanaflaten 4, N-5244 Fana, Norway

2)      Div. Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University - School of Medical, 1550 College St., Box 173;

         Macon, GA 31207-0001, USA

3)      Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdansk, Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland

 

Abstract:  Arthropods were collected by fogging the canopy of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris in a 2 km2 boreal forest in Sigdal,
Norway. Target trees were chosen as pairs, one mature (70-110 yrs) and one old (250+ yrs) tree. All knock-down treatments
were carried out in June and July 1999, before dawn and after a dry and windless night. Knocked-down arthropods were collected
 in plastic funnels systematically placed on the ground. Funnels remained in place for ca. one hour after treatment. Of the 96 new
species records collected in 1998 and 1999 from both East and West Norway, 61 new records were from Sigdal in 1999. Among
the new records, the most frequently encountered taxon of invertebrates was Diptera and the family of biting midges, Ceratopogonidae
comprised almost one-half (30 of 61) of all new records and 71.5% of the  collected individuals. Thirty species of Ceratopogonidae
were new to Norway, including two species new to science and two first records from Europe. Coleman rarefaction curves were
constructed by running 500 iterations without replacements using EstimateS and showed that there was significantly more new records

of Diptera in old trees compared to mature trees. Similar pattern of significance (by comparing standard deviations estimated by
EstimateS) was present when Coleman rarefaction curves for new species record of Diptera except Ceratopogonidae were made.
New species records of Ceratopogonidae were more common in old trees than in mature trees, though not significant. Older trees are
rare and are probably preferred by insects for a variety of reasons, e.g.,  they may better serve as swarm markers (thus serve as an
ecological island) as compared to mature trees. Some trees may provide a greater variety of resources (e.g., resting sites, places to
overwinter, hiding places, oviposition sites, larval habitat, etc.) and support more insect species than trees with fewer resources.

 

Thanks and Best wishes to our fellow ceratopogonidologists for the Year 2007,

 

Dan

 

Dr. Errol Nevill                                                                                 Auckland, New Zealand

nevill@slingshot.co.nz  

 

I am now retired and no longer working directly on Culicoides although I sometimes help with manuscripts for the Onderstepoort
personnel and also remain in personal contact with Alan Dyce in Sydney. On retiring in 2003 I emigrated to New Zealand, living
permanently just south of Auckland. I work part-time for a company that produces arthropod parasites and predators for the
control of greenhouse pests.

 

My new details are:

 

Dr Errol M Nevill

5 Eastside Drive

PUKEKOHE  2120

AUCKLAND

New Zealand

E-mail: nevill@slingshot.co.nz  

 

Regards, Errol

 

 

Recent Literature:

 

Taxonomy and Morphology

 

Borkent, A. and  L.Correa da Rocha Filho. 2006. First record of female adult Atrichopogon Kieffer

(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting in the Neotropical Region. Proceedings of the Entomological

 Society of Washington 108(4): 998-1001.

 

Cazorla, C. G.,  Diaz, F. and M.M. Ronderos. 2006. Redescription of pupa and adult of Stilobezzia

fiebrigi Kieffer 1917 (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the American Entomological

Society (Philadelphia) 132(1-2):111-119.

 

Felippe-Bauer, M. L. and C. S. Silva. 2006. Morphological alterations in Neotropical Ceratopogonidae

(Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23(3): 593-596.

 

Gomulski, L. M., Meiswinkel, R., Delecolle, J. -C., Goffredo, M. and G. Gasperi. 2006. Phylogeny of

the subgenus Culicoides and related species in Italy, inferred from internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA
sequences. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 20(2):229-238.

 

Grogan, W.L., Jr. and L. J.Hribar. 2006. The bromeliad-inhabiting biting midge, Forcipomyia  

(Phytohelea) bromelicola (Lutz), new to the fauna of the United States (Diptera :Ceratopogonidae).

Entomological News 117(3):319-322.

 

Huerta, H. and W.L. Grogan, Jr. 2006. A new species and new record of biting midges of the 
genus Dasyhelea  Kieffer (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) from Morelos and Jalisco, Mexico. 
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108(4): 892-898.

 

Huerta, Heron. 2006. Nuevo Registro de Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans (MacFie) (Diptera:

Ceratopogonidae) Como Parasito de Odonata. Acta Zoologica Mexicana 22(3): 157-158.

 

Perrin, A., Cetre-Sossah, C., Mathieu, B., Baldet, T., Delecolle, J. -C. and E. Albina. 2006. 
Phylogenetic analysis of Culicoides species from France based on nuclear ITS1-rDNA sequences. 
Medical and Veterinary Entomology 20(2):219-228.
 
Spinelli, G.R., Marino, P.I. and P. Posadas. 2006. The Patagonian species of the genus Atrichopogon 
Kieffer, with a biogeographic analysis based on Forcipomyiinae (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae). Insect 
Systematics & Evolution 37(3):301-324.

 

Ecology and Methodology

 

Bishop, A.L., Bellis, G.A., McKenzie, H.J., Spohr, L.J., Worrall, R.J., Harris, A.M. and L. Melville.

2006. Light trapping of biting midges Culicoides spp. (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) with green light-

emitting diodes. Australian Journal of Entomology 45(Part 3):202-205.

 

Bishop, J. V., Mejia, J. S., De Leon, A.A. Perez, Tabachnick, W. J. and R.G. Titus. 2006. Salivary

gland extracts of Culicoides sonorensis inhibit murine lymphocyte proliferation and no production

by macrophages. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75(3):532-536.

           

Carroll, S.P. and J. Loye. 2006. Field test of a lemon eucalyptus repellent against Leptoconops biting

midges. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 22(3):483-485.

           

Green, A.J. and M.I. Sanchez. 2006. Passive internal dispersal of insect larvae by migratory birds.

Biology Letters 2:55-57. [the authors found live 4th instar chironomid larvae in bird feces; could

ceratopogonid larvae be found as well? –Ed.]

 

Kawahara, A.Y., Winkler, I.S. and W.W. Hsu. 2006. New host records of the ectoparasitic biting 
midge Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) pectinunguis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) on adult geometrid moths 
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 79(3):297-300.

 

Kozlov, M. V., Brodskaya, N. K., Haarto, A., Kuusela, K., Schafer, A. and V. Zverev. 2005. 
Abundance and diversity of human-biting flies (Diptera :Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, 
Simuliidae) around a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, northwestern Russia. Journal of 
Vector Ecology 30(2):263-271.

 

Lysyk, T. J. 2006. Abundance and species composition of Culicoides (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) 
at cattle facilities in southern Alberta, Canada. Journal of Medical Entomology 43(5):840-849.

 

Nie, W.-Z., Li, J.-C., Li, D.-X. and N. Gratz. 2005. A preliminary report of introduced living biting

midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) found on entry ships arriving at Qinhuangdao Port, China.

Medical Entomology and Zoology 56(4):359-361.

                        

Schmidtmann, Edward T. 2006. Testing the relationship between dissolved salts in aquatic habitats 
and immature populations of the Culicoides variipennis complex (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae). 
Environmental Entomology 35(5):1154-1160.
 
Sollai, G., Solari, P., Masala, C., Spada, R., Crnjar, R. and A. Liscia. 2006. Effect of avermectins 
on the olfactory responses of the midge Culicoides imicola. Chemical Senses 31(8):E22.

 

Uslu, U. and B. Dik. 2006. Vertical distribution of Culicoides larvae and pupae. Medical and Veterinary

Entomology 20(3):350-352.

 

Venter G.J. and K.G. Hermanides. 2006. Comparison of black and white light for collecting Culicoides

imicola and other livestock-associated Culicoides species in South Africa. Veterinary Parasitology

142(3-4): 383-385.

 

                                                                                                           

Bluetongue Virus and Other Pathogens

 

Agbolade, O.-M., Akinboye, D.O., Olateju, T.M., Ayanbiyi, O.A., Kuloyo, O.O. and O.O. Fenuga.

2006. Biting of anthropophilic Culicoides fulvithorax (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a vector of

Mansonella perstans in Nigeria. Korean Journal of Parasitology 44(1):67-72.

 

Anonymous. 2006. Exotic animal diseases bulletin - African horse sickness - a serious disease. Australian

Veterinary Journal 84(5):N24-N25.

 

Anonymous. 2006. Bluetongue in Northern Europe. Australian Veterinary Journal 84(11):N19.

 

Anonymous. 2006. Monitoring the spread of bluetongue in northern Europe. Veterinary Record 159(9):258.

 

Anonymous. Bluetongue in northern Europe: serotype identified. Veterinary Record 159(10):294.

 

Anonymous. 2006. Exotic diseases - Bluetongue confirmed in France. Veterinary Record 159(11):331.

 

Anonymous. 2006. European midge identified as vector of bluetongue. Veterinary Record 159(18):575.

 

Aruni, A.W., Kathiresan, D., Rani, R.U.,, Subbaraj, R., Reddy, Y. K. M., Saravanabava, K.,

Purushothaman, V. and A. Koteeswaran. 2006. Outbreak of bluetongue in southern districts of

Tamil Nadu. Indian Veterinary Journal 83(6):679.

 

Bulut, O., Yavru, S., Yapkic, O., Simsek, A., Kale, M. and O. Avci. 2006. Serological investigation 
of bluetongue virus infection by serum neutralization test and ELISA in sheep and goats. Bulletin of 
the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 50(3):305-307.
 
Cagienard, A., Thuer, B., Griot, C., Hamblin, C. and K.D.C. Staerk. 2006. No evidence of 
bluetongue virus in Switzerland. Veterinary Microbiology 116(1-3):13-20.
 
Cagienard, A., Griot, C., Mellor, P. S., Denison, E. and K.D.C. Staerk. 2006. Bluetongue vector 
species of Culicoides in Switzerland. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 20(2):239-247.
 
Caporale, V., Giovannini, A., Patta, C., Calistri, P., Nannini, D., Santucci, U., Schudel, A. and 
M. Lombard. 2004. Vaccination in the control strategy of bluetongue in Italy. Control of Infectious 
Animal Diseases by Vaccination - Developments in Biologicals:119:113-127.

 

Chiang, E.T., Persaud-Sawin, D.-A., Kulkarni, S., Garcia, J.G.N. and F. Imani. 2006. Bluetongue

virus and double-stranded RNA increase human vascular permeability: Role of p38 MAPK. Journal

of Clinical Immunology 26(4): 406-416.

 

T.G. Corrêa, J.M. Ferreira, G. Riet-Correa, J.L. Ruas, A.L. Schild, F. Riet-Correa, A. Guimarães

and M.L. Felippe-Bauer. 2006. Seasonal allergic dermatitis in sheep in southern Brazil caused by

Culicoides insignis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Veterinary Parasitology, (In Press, Corrected Proof,

Available online 28 November 2006).
 

Costa, J. R. R., Lobato, Z. I. P., Herrmann, G. P., Leite, R. C. and J.P.A. Haddad. 2006. Bluetongue

virus antibodies in cattle and sheep in southwest and southeast regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 58(2):273-275.

 

Diniz, J.A.P., Nunes, M.R.T., Travassos da Rosa, A.P.A., Cruz, A.C.R., de Souza, W., Medeiros,

D.B.A., Chiang, J.O. and P.F.C. Vasconcelos. 2006. Characterization of two new rhabdoviruses

isolated from midges (Culicoides spp.) in the Brazilian Amazon: proposed members of a new genus,

Bracorhabdovirus. Archives of Virology 151(12): 2519-2527.

 

Dubay, S.A., Rosenstock, S.S., Stallknecht, D.E. and J.C deVos, Jr. 2006. Determining prevalence

of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in mule deer in Arizona (USA) using whole

blood dried on paper strips compared to serum analyses. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 42(1):159-163.

 

Dungu, B., Potgieter, C., Von Teichman, B., Smit, T., Schudel, A. and M. Lombard. 2004. Vaccination

in the control of bluetongue in endemic regions: The South African experience. Control of Infectious

Animal Diseases by Vaccination. Developments in Biologicals:119:463-472.

 

Enserink, M. 2006. Emerging infectious diseases - During a hot summer, bluetongue virus invades

northern Europe. Science 313(5791):1218-1219.

 

Fux,  C.A., Chappuis, B., Holzer, B., et al. 2006.  Mansonella perstans causing symptomatic

hypereosinophilia in a missionary family. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 4(5): 275-280.

           

Gourreau, J.M., Zientara, S. and C. Sailleau. 2006. Ovine bluetongue in ruminants: when to suspect it?

Point Veterinaire 37(269):46-51.

 

Haneveld, J.K. and M. Bingen. 2006. Blue tongue is a bigger problem than most people think".

Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 131(20):746-747.

 

Hellberg, W., Wilson, A. D., Mellor, P., Doherr, M. G., Torsteinsdottir, S., Zurbriggen, A., Jungi, T.

and E. Marti. 2006. Equine insect bite hypersensitivity: Immunoblot analysis of IgE and IgG subclass

responses to Culicoides nubeculosus salivary gland extract. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

113(1-2):99-112.

 

Johnson, D.J., Ostlund, E.N., Stallknecht, D.E., Goekjian, V.H., Jenkins-Moore, M. and S.C. Harris.

2006. First report of bluetongue virus serotype 1 isolated from a white-tailed deer in the United States.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 18(4):398-401.

 

Kataria, R. S., Desai, G. S., Tiwari, A. K., Nagaleekar, V. K. and S.K. Bandyopadhyay. 2006. Sequence

analysis of VP7 gene of Indian bluetongue virus serotype-23 shows its close phylogenetic relationship

to Australian and Chinese serotypes DNA Sequence 17(1):65-73.

 

Kolm, G., Knapp, E., Wagner, R. and D. Klein. 2006. Increased interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in

skin biopsies of horses with Culicoides hypersensitivity following challenge with Culicoides nubeculosus

extract. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 113(1-2):90-98.

 

Kovi, R.C., Dahiya, S., Prasad, G. Minakshi. 2006. Nucleotide sequence analysis of VP7 gene of Indian

isolates of bluetongue virus vis-a-vis other serotypes from different parts of the world. DNA Sequence

17(3):187-198.

 

Liang K., Dong C.-Y., Hu J., Zhang W.-Y. and J. Chen. 2006. The infectivity of bluetongue virus strain

HbC(3) to MA782 cell. Virologica Sinica 21(2):153-156.

 

Lunt R.A., Melville L., Hunt N., et al. 2006.  Cultured skin fibroblast cells derived from bluetongue

virus-inoculated sheep and field-infected cattle are not a source of late and protracted recoverable virus. 

The Journal of General Virology 87(Pt)12: 3661-3666

 

Lymperopoulos, K., Noad, R., Tosi, S., Nethisinghe, S., Brierley, I. and P. Roy. 2006. Specific binding

of Bluetongue virus NS2 to different viral plus-strand RNAs. Virology 353(1):17-26.

 

Mecham, J.O. 2006. Detection and titration of bluetongue virus in Culicoides insect cell culture by an

antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Virological Methods 135(2):269-271.

 

Monaco, F., Camma, C., Serini, S. and G. Savini. 2006. Differentiation between field and vaccine strain

of bluetongue virus serotype 16. Veterinary Microbiology 116(1-3): 45-52.

 

Mullens, B. A., Cardona, C. J., McClellan, L., Szijj, C. E. and J.P. Owen. 2006. Culicoides bottimeri

as a vector of Haemoproteus lophortyx to quail in California, USA. Veterinary Parasitology 140(1-2):

35-43.

 

Murphy, M.D., Hanson, B.A., Howerth, E.W. and D.E. Stallknecht. 2006. Molecular characterization

of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 associated with a 1999 epizootic in white-tailed deer

in the eastern United States. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 42(3):616-624.

 

Orru, G., Ferrando, M. L., Meloni, M., Liciardi, M., Savini, G. and P. De Santis. 2006. Rapid detection

and quantitation of Bluetongue virus (BTV) using a Molecular Beacon fluorescent probe assay. Journal

of Virological Methods 137(1): 34-42.

 

Pili, E., Ciucce, S., Culurgioni, J., Figus, V., Pinna, G. and A. Marchi, 2006. Distribution and abundance

of bluetongue vectors in Sardinia: Comparison of field data with prediction maps. Journal of Veterinary

Medicine Series B 53(7): 312-316.

 

Purse, B. V., Nedelchev, N., Georgiev, G., Veleva, E., Boorman, J., Denison, E., Veronesi, E.,

Carpenter, S., Baylis, M. and P.S. Mellor. 2006. Spatial and temporal distribution of bluetongue

and its Culicoides vectors in Bulgaria. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 20(3): 335-344.

 

Purse, B. V., Mellor, P. S., Baylis, M., Takken, W., Martens, P. and R.J. Bogers. 2005. Bluetongue

in the Mediterranean: prediction of risk in space and time. Environmental Change and Malaria Risk:

Global and Local Implications. Se Wageningen Ur Frontis Series:9:125-136, XIX, XX, XXI, XXII.

 

Ramakrishnan M.A, Pandey A.B., Singh K.P., et al. 2006. Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy

of Binary Ethylenimine (BEI)-Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Vaccines in Sheep. Veterinary Research

Communications 30(8): 873-880.

 

Roy, P. and R. Noad, R. 2006. Bluetongue virus assembly and morphogenesis. Reoviruses: Entry,

Assembly and Morphogenesis – Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 309:87-116.

 

Sabio, I. J., Mackay, A. J., Roy, A. and L.D. Foil. 2006. Detection of West Nile virus RNA in pools of

three species of ceratopogonids (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected in Louisiana. Journal of Medical

Entomology. 43(5):1020-1022.

 

Sanchez-Vizcaino, J. M., Schudel, A. and M. Lombard. 2004. Control and eradication of African horse

sickness with vaccine. Control of Infectious Animal Diseases by Vaccination - Developments in

Biologicals :119:255-258.

 

Savage, A.F., Arley, F. and E.C. Greiner. 2006. Leucocytozoon vangis n. nov for L. bennetti Savage,

Ariey and Greiner 2004 (Vol. 90, pg 1475, 2004). Journal of Parasitology 92(3): 627.

 

Savage, A.F., Ariey, F. and E.C. Greiner. 2006. Leucocytozoon atkinsoni n. sp (Apicomplexa :

Leucocytozoidae) from the avian family Timaliidae. Systematic Parasitology 64(2):105-109.

 

Sehgal, R.N.M., Hull, A.C., Anderson, N.L., Valkiunas, G., Markovets, M.J., Kawamura, S. and

L.A. Tell. 2006. Evidence for cryptic speciation of Leucocytozoon spp. (Haemosporida,

Leucocytozoidae) in diurnal raptors. Journal of Parasitology 92(2):375-379.

 

Shimizu, S., Toyota, I., Arishima, T. and Y.Goto. 2005. Serological cross-reactions between Ibaraki

and bluetongue viruses that occurred when the agar gel immunodiffusion test was used disappeared

when BT-competitive ELISA was used. Bulletin of the National Institute of Animal Health 112:33-38.

 

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