THE
CERATOPOGONIDAE INFORMATION EXCHANGE
The CIE, issued twice a year (no subscription costs
but donations to help with photocopying/mailing costs are welcomed),
was
begun in 1968 as a newsletter to facilitate communication between
workers interested in Ceratopogonidae. The format is
extremely flexible. Contributions may be of any
length and deal with any subject having some bearing on the study of
ceratopogonids. For example, contributors
may report their current interests or plans, observations or techniques
of probable
value to the readership, requests for addresses, study material or
reprints, or any other matter of concern. The
newsletter serves
also as a bulletin for planning and communicating information on
meetings, symposia, workshops and so forth. Finally,
there is in
every issue a compilation of recent literature in the field.
Any
person(s) wishing to contribute to the newsletter or to receive future
issues via e-mail should contact :
Dr. C. Steven
Murphree e-mail: murphrees@mail.belmont.edu
Department of Biology Phone: 615-460-6221
CIE
Vol. 75 - May 2005 - The Ceratopogonidae Information Exchange Newsletter
Dear Colleagues,
My sincere apology for a June distribution of this “May” issue. The
past few weeks have been a hectic time for my family and
I as we have been preparing for our move to a new home that took place
this past week.
As is evidenced by the Recent Literature section, a great deal of
research continues to be published about ceratopogonids and
the diseases they vector. Please send citations or reprints of any
papers
that I have not included in recent issues so that I can
include them in the next issue. My thanks again to colleagues who
graciously
assisted me in responding via e-mail to individuals
with questions about biting midges.
Volume 76 of this newsletter will appear in December. Please send
your contributions and requests to me by Friday, Dec. 2.
With kind regards,
Steve Murphree
1. North
American Dipterists Society
5-9 August 2005
Malheur Field Station, Oregon
Invitation to Attend
On behalf of the
NADS, I extend a warm invitation for you to attend the 2005 field
meeting. This year’s meeting, at Malheur
Field Station in SE Oregon, will bring together Dipterists from
throughout North America to discuss and collect flies, focusing
on taxa from the northern Great Basin. The meeting will provide a
unique environment for interaction in field, laboratory, and
informal settings.
Greg Courtney d.craig@ualberta.ca
Organizer, NADS 2005 Field Meeting
Malheur Field Station (MFS)
MFS is a short drive south of Burns, Oregon, adjacent to Malheur
National Wildlife Refuge and near Steens Mountain. The
area contains a variety of terrestrial, wetland, and aquatic habitats,
including sagebrush- and greasewood flats, cattail marshes,
lowland reservoirs, alpine lakes, cold- and hot springs, a large river,
and many small streams. Steens Mountain, a focal site for
our activities, harbors numerous alpine meadows, aspen groves,
coldwater springs, and snowfed streams and wetlands. The
mountain has a maximum altitude >2900m and typically retains patches
of snow throughout the summer, especially in the many
glacially-carved valleys. The latter (e.g., Kiger Gorge, Little Blitzen
Gorge, Big Indian Gorge)
are among the many spectacular
scenes on Steens Mountain. The mountain also is known for it’s unusual
plant and animal communities, including many endemic
and disjunct species. East of Steens Mountain is the low-lying Alvord
Desert, a flat, vegetation-free ancient playa surrounded
by sagebrush communities and many hot springs. The Alvord Basin can be
reached easily on a day
trip from MFS, and will be
another destination for meeting participants. The area’s diverse
habitats will provide many opportunities for collecting Diptera.
Note that several malaise traps will be set a week before the meeting,
so we should have plenty of interesting material to examine
and identify at the start of the meeting.
Tentative schedule
Friday, 5 August (late afternoon / evening)
Check-in at Malheur Field Station
Collecting near MFS
Dinner @ MFS
Welcome and introduction to area
Saturday, 6 August
Breakfast @ MFS
Trip(s) to Malhuer Refuge & Steens Mtn
Dinner @ MFS
Presentations and sorting the day’s catch
Optional morning activity: Steens Rim Run
Sunday & Monday, 7-8 August
Breakfast @ MFS
Trip(s) to Steens Mtn & Alvord Basin
Dinner @ MFS
Presentations and sorting the day’s catch
Tuesday, 9 August
Breakfast @ MFS
Check-out
Logistics
Participants who fly are advised to fly to Ontario (OR), Bend (OR), or
Boise (ID), then arrange for a rental car. Burns is on
US Highway 20 approximately 130 miles from both Ontario (2.5-3 hours E
of Burns) and Bend (2-2.5 hours W of Burns), and
180 miles from Boise (45 minutes beyond Ontario). MFS is 35 miles S of
Burns, mostly on State Hwy 205. MFS supports
summer college courses, and has several dormitories, classrooms, and
research laboratories. Dormitories, a classroom / wet lab
(w/ dissecting scopes), a conference room, and one or two 15-passenger
vans will be available to NADS meeting participants.
Meal plans also are available.
Cost
Registration is $40/person. Accommodation and meal costs include
several options.
1) Assuming sufficient interest for a group discount, the following
package will be available: $36/day/person for participants
staying in the dorm (barrack-style), and including ALL meals (hot
breakfast & dinner, sack lunch). To receive the group discount,
registrants must make reservations through Greg Courtney.
2) Other options at MFS include the following (meals at additional
cost, see below): (a) kitchenettes: $24/night/person; (b)
trailers: $40-$80/night, depending on occupancy; (c) RV hookups:
$16/night. Arrangements for the latter three should be made
directly through the MFS director (phone: 541-493-2629; email: mfs@highdesertair.com). For
those who choose any of the
latter options, meal plans are available as follows: breakfast ($7.50),
[sack] lunch ($5.50), dinner ($9.50), all meals ($22.50).
Again, these should be arranged through the MFS director. Non-MFS
accommodations include several campgrounds (Page
Springs CG near Frenchglen, and Fish Lake CG and Jackman Park CG on
Steens Mountain) and numerous motels in Burns.
New CIE Subscribers/Address Changes:
| <>New
Subscribers: Fabienne Biteau-Coroller biteau@cirad.fr UR 16 EEMA "épidemiologie et écologie des maladies animales" TA 30/E Cirad-Emvt Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 tel :+33 (0)467.61.58.00 (poste 41.46) fax :+33 (0)467.59.37.54 Yaya Ibrahim Coulibaly, MD yicoulibaly@MRTCBKO.org +223 673 28 71 Faculty of Medicine of Bamako Republic of Mali (West Africa) |
Address Changes: Daniel V. Hagan, Ph.D. mdhagan@GeorgiaSouthern.edu
|
Contributions
from Ceratopogonid Scientists:
From: P. Scaramozzino, A. Magliano, F. Farina, C. De
Liberato
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana,
Rome, Italy
pscaramozzino@rm.izs.it
Evidence of New Bluetongue Vectors and Vaccine Virus Circulation in
Central Italy
Since summer 2000, Italy experienced Bluetongue epidemics for 4
consecutive years. Outbreaks first appeared in Sardinia,
Sicily and Calabria regions (southern Italy), spreading the following
year to almost all Central and Southern Italy. Until now
the involved serotypes are 2, 4, 9 and 16. Since 2001 serological and
entomological surveillance programs based on serological
tests of unvaccinated sentinel bovines and Culicoides collections
have been carried out. In 2002 massive vaccination of all
susceptible ruminant domestic species (sheep, cattle, goats and water
buffaloes) started. Surveillance activities went on also
during vaccination. From these programs carried out in Lazio and
Tuscany (Central Italy) two issues elucidating important
aspects of BT epidemiology came up.
First, we suspected the role of other Culicoides species
joining C. imicola as virus vectors. In fact in the 2002
epidemic, some
municipalities of southern Lazio where C. imicola was never
recorded, experienced Bluetongue outbreaks. A viral strain was
isolated from pools of 20 parous-non-blood-engorged C. obsoletus
females inoculated on BHK-21 monolayers. Serum
neutralization tests confirmed that the virus isolate was Bluetongue
virus serotype-2. C. obsoletus is distributed from the southern
regions of Italy up to Great Britain and is present throughout the year
in the southern part of its distribution. Hence, areas until
now stated as risk free, could now be considered at risk of Bluetongue
diffusion.
Moreover, because of the unusual occurrence of several seroconversions
(during 2002 and 2003 in Lazio and Tuscany) among
unvaccinated sentinels belonging to herds just vaccinated or close to
areas where vaccination
had been carried out, even in areas
and periods never interested by wild virus circulation, the possible
circulation of Bluetongue vaccine virus serotype-2 was
investigated. So far, no record of Bluetongue vaccine virus circulation
is reported in literature. Nevertheless, the possibility that
attenuated virus could circulate, via active vectors, among susceptible
animals has to be considered, and even a possible reversion to
virulence once the vaccine virus replicates in insects can not be
excluded. Effectively, we were able to demonstrate the presence
of Bluetongue vaccine virus serotype-2 in both blood samples from
unvaccinated animals and Culicoides midges, via a specific
PCR test. This is the first report of vaccine virus circulation in
the field via active vectors. This evidence is strongly supported by
the simultaneous detection of vaccine virus in unvaccinated cattle
and in parous-non-blood-engorged Culicoides. Interestingly,
both C. imicola and C. obsoletus were found to be
positive for vaccine virus.
Since C. obsoletus in Italy is widespread, ubiquitous and
active all year round, these findings make the planning of vaccination
campaigns and the evaluation of surveillance results difficult. More
efforts will be needed to distinguish between field and vaccine
strains to have a clear picture of the current epidemiological
situation. This seems to be a very critical issue in those territories
free
from disease/infection but bordering with zones where vaccination is
carried out.
From: Larry
Hribar
(sphaeromias@lycos.com)
Monroe County Mosquito Control District, Marathon, Florida
1. Ceratopogonid papers from Studia Dipterologica
Szadziewski, Ryszard 1996. Biting midges from Lower Cretaceous
amber of Lebanon and
Upper Cretaceous Siberian amber of Taimyr (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). -
[Gnitzen
aus unterkretazischem Bernstein des Libanon und oberkretazischen
Bernstein
der Taimyr Region in Sibirien (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae).]
Studia Dipterologica 3(1):23-86.
Bose, Maitri, Das Gupta, S. K. and P. K. Chaudhuri 2002[2003]. A
new biting Midge of
the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from
India. - [Eine neue
Gnitze der Gattung Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera:
Ceratopogonidae) aus Indien.]
Studia Dipterologica 9(2): 375-377.
2. West Nile Virus Isolated from Culicoides sonorensis in the
Western United States
Two pools of female Culicoides sonorensis tested positive for
WNV with an infection rate of 2.31
per 1000. To request a reprint of this paper, please contact Dr. Naugle
at: dave.naugle@cfc.umt.edu
or Wildlife Biology Program, College of Forestry and Conservation,
University of Montana, Missoula,
MT 59812, USA
Naugle, D.E. and C. L., Aldridge, et al. 2004. West Nile virus:
pending crisis for greater
sage-grouse. Ecology Letters 7 (8), 704-713.
From:
Brian V. Brown
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California
Thailand Project
Mike
Sharkey is assembling people to participate in a survey project for
insects in Thailand.
This project will operate for at least 3 years, and will include
Malaise trapping in 10 National
Parks per year (we will change parks yearly). He has asked me to
organize a group of dipterists
who would be willing to receive material from this project. We are
especially looking for people
actively working on the taxonomy of groups from this area, who could
incorporate this material
into their revisions, but also those interested in beginning work
in this region of the world. Our
goals are to get new species described, document species distributions
in Thailand, and to help
build the collections in both North American and Thai museums. If more
than one specialist per
taxon is interested, I will encourage people to form teams to address
these groups.
Collections would be made by National Parks staff in various locations
throughout the country.
Sorters in Thailand will be trained to recognize families of Diptera
(or in some cases smaller groups),
and would sort them into vials of alcohol. These vials would be shipped
to participating researchers
under regular loan conditions. Needless to say, all specimens will
be collected and exported legally,
with the help of our Thai collaborators.
The conditions on receiving the specimens would be that holotypes of
new species must be returned
to one of our collaborating Thai institutions as well as 50% of the
paratype material; up to 50% of the
paratypes can be retained by the investigator. Fifty percent of
identified material of known species
can also be retained. Unidentified material can be retained on
long-term loan, but will need to bear
labels stating the restrictions of the project (holotypes + 50%
returned to Thailand). See the attached
conditions for the full language.
Please contact me (mbbrown@nhm.org)
to outline your interest in this project.
Amazonia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Amazoniana 18(1-2): 75-80.
Felippe-Bauer, M.L., Caceres, A.G., Silva, C.S., Valderrama-Bazan,
W. and A. Gonzales-Perez.
2005. A new Culicoides (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) of the
subgenus Diphaomyia from Peru
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 100(1):51-53.
Laender, J.O., Ribeiro, E.S., Gouveia, A.M.G., Lobato, Z.I.P. and
M.L.F.Bauer. 2004. Account
of the species of Culicoides Latreille, 1809
(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) in the regions of Norte
de Minas, Jequitinhonha and Vale do Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Entomologia y Vectores
11(1):145-157.
Liu Zeng-jia, Zhang Ji-jun and Zhan-Wei Gong. 2004.
Descriptions on a new species of
Leptoconops and the male of Leptoconops (Holoconops)
geermuensis Liu et Yu (Diptera:
Ceratopogonidae). Entomotaxonomia. 26(1):49-52.
Ronderos, M.M., Diaz, F. and G.R. Spinelli. 2004. A new
species of Dasyhelea Kieffer from
Argentina described as adult and pupa (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae). Transactions
of the
American Entomological Society (Philadelphia) 130(2-3):193-200.
Sasaki, H., Fujikawa, M., Toma, T. and I. Miyagi. 2004. Culicoides
biting midges (Diptera:
Ceratopogonidae) collected at Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Archipelago,
Japan, and their blood
source. Nihon Eisei Dobutsu Gakkai the Japan Society of Medical
Entomology and Zoology
(2):125-127.
Sinha, S., Mazumdar, A. and P.K. Chaudhuri. 2005. New species
of predaceous midges of
the genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913 (Insecta, Diptera,
Ceratopogonidae) from the coastal
region of West Bengal, India. Zoosystema 27(1):115-122.
Spinelli, G.R., Marino, P.I. and M.M. Ronderos. 2005. The
fourth instar larva and pupa of the
Neotropical biting midge Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) rioplatensis
Marino and Spinelli
(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of Washington
107(1):108-114.
Spinelli, G.R., Ronderos, M.M., Diaz, F. and P.I. Marino. 2005.
The bloodsucking biting midges
of Argentina (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae). Memorias Do Instituto
Oswaldo Cruz 100(2):137-150.
[A key is presented for the identification of the adults of 54 species
of bloodsucking -Ed]
beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) and the arbovirus vector Culicoides
brevitarsis Kieffer
(Diptera :Ceratopogonidae). Australian Journal of Entomology
44(Part 2):89-96.
Blackwell, A., Evans, K. A., Strang, R. H. C. and M. Cole. 2004.
Toward development of
neem-based repellents against the Scottish Highland biting midge Culicoides
impunctatus.
Medical and Veterinary Entomology 18(4):449-452.
Borkent, A. 2004. 10. Ceratopogonidae. pp. 113-126. In Biology
of Disease Vectors, 2nd edition.
William C. Marquardt (ed.). xxiii + 785 pp., Elsevier Academic Press.
[An excellent book
chapter including an extensive table of organisms transmitted by
ceratopogonids with notes
taxonomy, morphology, life cycles and medical & veterinary
importance – Ed.]
Carpenter, S.,Eyres, K., McEndrick, I., Smith, L.,Turner, J. Mordue,
W. and A.J. Mordue. 2005.
Repellent efficiency of BayRepel against Culicoides impunctatus
(Diptera : Ceratopogonidae).
Parasitology Research 95(6):427-429.
Mands, V., Kline, D. L. and A. Blackwell. 2004. Culicoides
odour baits in Scotland. Medical and
Veterinary Entomology 18(4):336-342.
Bluetongue Virus and Other
Pathogens
Breard, E., Sailleau, C., Hamblin, C. and S. Zientara. 2005. Bluetongue virus in the French Island
of Reunion. Veterinary Microbiology 106(3-4):157-165.
Broza, M., Gancz, H., Halpern, M. and Y. Kashi. 2005. Adult non-biting midges: possible windborne
carriers of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139. Environmental Microbiology 7(4):576-585. [note
that biting midges were not studied here but could be – Ed.]
Campbell, C.L., Vandyke, K.A., Letchworth, G.J., Drolet, B.S., Hanekamp, T. and W.C. Wilson.
2005. Midgut and salivary gland transcriptomes of the arbovirus vector Culicoides sonorensis
(Diptera : Ceratopogonidae). Insect Molecular Biology 14(2):121-136.
Chandel, B.S., Kher, H.N., Chauhan, H.C. and K.A. Vasava. 2004. Serological survey of
antibodies to bluetongue virus in domestic ruminants in Gujarat. Indian Veterinary Journal
81(7): 737-740.
Chauhan, H.C., Chandel, B.S., Gerdes, T., Vasava, K.A., Patel, A.R., Kher, H.N., Singh, V.
and R.A. Dongre. 2004. Seroepidemiology of bluetongue in dromedary camels in Gujarat,
India. Journal of Camel Practice And Research 11(2):141-145.
Dahiya, S., Prasad, G., Minakshi, K. and C. Ramesh. 2004. VP2 gene based phylogenetic
relationship of Indian isolates of bluetongue virus serotype different parts of the world
DNA Sequence 15(5-6):351-361.
Dahiya, S., Prasad, G., Minakshi, K. and R.C. Kovi. 2005. Restriction analysis of conserved
and variable regions of VP2 gene of Indian isolates of bluetongue virus serotype 1.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 43(3):272-276.
Desai, P. U. 2004. Sero-prevalence of bluetongue in cattle in two south Gujarat districts. Indian
Veterinary Journal 81(11): 1273.
De Liberato, C., Scavia, G., Lorenzetti, R., Scaramozzino, P., Amaddeo, D., Cardeti, G.,
Scicluna, M., Ferrari, G. and G.L. Autorino. 2005. Identification of Culicoides obsoletus
(Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) as a vector of bluetongue virus in central Italy. Veterinary
Record 156(10):301-304.
dos Santos, R.I.M. 2003. Oropouche virus: Mechanism of entry in hela I and C6/36 cells
Medicina (Ribeirao Preto) 36(1):112-113.
Ferrari, G., De Liberato, C., Scavia, G., Lorenzetti, R., Zini, M., Farina, F., Magliano, A.,
Cardeti, G., Scholl, F., Guidoni, M., Scicluna, M.T., Amaddeo, D., Scaramozzino, P. and G.L.
Autorino. 2005. Active circulation of bluetongue vaccine virus serotype-2 Among unvaccinated
cattle in central Italy. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 68(2-4):103-113.
Giovannini, A., MacDiarmid, S., Calistri, P., Conte, A., Savini, L., Nannini, D. and S. Weber.
2004. The use of risk assessment to decide the control strategy for bluetongue in Italian ruminant populations.
Risk Analysis 24(6):1737-1753.
Hagihara, M. Yamaguchi, T., Kitahara, M., Hirai, K. and K. Murata. 2004. Leucocytozoon lovati
infections in wild rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) in Japan. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(4):804-807.
Hugo, V. and A. Quintana. 2002. Complete nucleotide sequence and related studies to the genome
of the Bunyavirus Oropouche. Medicina (Ribeirao Preto) 35(4):540-541.
Ito, A., Gotanda, T., Kobayashi, S., Kume, K., Sugimoto, C. and T. Matsumura. 2005. Increase
of antibody titer against Leucocytozoon caulleryi by oral administration of recombinant R7 antigen. Journal
of Veterinary Medical Science 67(2):211-213.
Ito, A. and T. Gotanda. 2005. A rapid assay for detecting antibody against leucocytozoonosis in
chickens with a latex agglutination test using recombinant R7 antigen. Avian Pathology 34(1):15-9.
Koerber, R.T., Gasparich, G.E., Frana, M.F. and W.L. Grogan, Jr. 2005. Spiroplasma
atrichopogonis sp nov., from a ceratopogonid biting midge. International Journal of
Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, Part 1: 289-292.
Lacetera, N. and B. Ronchi. 2004. Evaluation of antibody response and nonspecific lymphocyte
blastogenesis following inoculation of a live attenuated bluetongue virus vaccine in goats
American Journal of Veterinary Research 65(1):1331-1334.
Mullens, B.A., Owen, J.P., Heft, D.E. and R.V. Sobeck. 2005. Culicoides and other biting flies
on the Palos Verdes Peninsula of Southern California, and their possible relationship to equine dermatitis.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 21(1):90-95.
Monteys, V.S.I., Ventura, D., Pages, N., Aranda, C. and R. Escosa. 2005. Expansion of
Culicoides imicola, the main bluetongue virus vector in Europe, into Catalonia, Spain.Veterinary
Record 156(13):415.
Murphy, M.D., Howerth, E.W., MacLachlan, N. J., and D.E. Stallknecht. 2005. Genetic variation
among epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in the southeastern United States: 1978-2001.
Infection Genetics and Evolution 5(2):157-165.
Naugle, D.E. and C. L., Aldridge, et al. 2004. West Nile virus: pending crisis for greater
sage-grouse. Ecology Letters 7 (8), 704-713. [See Larry Hribar’s note about this paper above-Ed.]
Paweska, J. T. and G.J. Venter. 2004. Vector competence of Culicoides species and the
seroprevalence of homologous neutralizing antibody in horses for six serotypes of equine encephalosis
virus (EEV) in South Africa. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 18(4):398-407.
Peirce, M.A., Adlard, R.D. and R. Lederer. 2005. A new species of Leucocytozoon Berestneff,
1904 (Apicomplexa: Leucocytozoidae) from the avian family Artamidae. Systematic Parasitology
60(2):151-154.
Purse, B.V., Mellor, P.S., Rogers, D.J., Samuel, A.R., Mertens, P.P.C. and M. Baylis. 2005.
Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe. Nature Reviews Microbiology
3(2):171-181.
Sarto i Monteys, V., Ventura, D., Pages, N., Aranda, C. and R. Escosa. 2005. Expansion of
Culicoides imicola, the main bluetongue virus vector in Europe, into Catalonia, Spain.
Veterinary Record 156(13):415-417.
Shringi. S. and B.N. Shringi 2005.Comparative efficacy of standard AGID, CCIE and competitive
ELISA for detecting bluetongue virus antibodies in indigenous breeds of sheep and goats in
Rajasthan, Indian Journal of Veterinary Science 6(1):77-79.
Ting, L.J., Lee, M.S., Huang, I.S., Huang, C.C., Kuo, S.T., Lee, F., Jong, M.H., Shiau, J.R.
and S.Y. Lin. 2005. Identification of bluetongue virus in goats in Taiwan. Veterinary Record
156(2):52.
White, D.M., Wilson, W.C., Blair, C.D. and B.J. Beaty. 2005. Studies on overwintering of
bluetongue viruses in insects. Journal of General Virology 86, Part 2: 453-462.
Yanase, T., Kato, T., Kubo, T., Yoshida, K., Ohashi, S., Yamakawa, M., Miura, Y. and T. Tsuda.
2005. Isolation of bovine Arboviruses from Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
in southern Japan: 1985-2002. Journal of Medical Entomology. 42(1):63-67.
Yeruham, I., Perl, S. and Y. Braverman. 2004. Seasonal allergic dermatitis in sheep associated with
Ctenocephalides and Culicoides bites. Veterinary Dermatology 15(6): 377-380.