THE CERATOPOGONIDAE INFORMATION EXCHANGE

The CIE, issued twice a year (no subscription costs but donations to help with photocopying/mailing costs are welcomed),
was begun in 1968 as a newsletter to facilitate communication between workers interested in Ceratopogonidae. The format
is extremely flexible. Contributions may be of any length and deal with any subject having some bearing on the study of
ceratopogonids
. For example, contributors may report their current interests or plans, observations or techniques of probable
value to the readership, requests for addresses, study material or reprints, or any other matter of concern. The newsletter
serves also as a bulletin for planning and communicating information on meetings, symposia, workshops and so forth. Finally,
there is in every issue a compilation of recent literature in the field.

Any person(s) wishing to contribute to the newsletter or to receive future issues via e-mail should contact :

Dr. C. Steven Murphree e-mail: murphrees@mail.belmont.edu
Department of Biology Phone: 615-460-6221
Belmont University Fax: 615-460-5458
1900 Belmont Boulevard
Nashville, TN 37212-3757
U.S.A.


CIE Vol. 74 - December 2004 The Ceratopogonidae Information Exchange Newsletter

Dear Colleagues,

I would like to again express my thanks to those researchers who have submitted contributions for this issue of CIE.
Since the May issue I have been able to assist colleagues with questions as well as direct others who have e-mailed me
from the website to CIE subscribers for assistance. Many thanks to individuals like Bill Grogan and Art Borkent who
have devoted time to educating others about ceratopogonids in this way.

With kind regards and best wishes for 2005,

Steve Murphree
Nashville, Tennessee
U.S.A.


Summary of CIE Contents:

Announcements
:

Obituary:

New CIE Members/Address Changes:

Contributions from Ceratopogonid Scientists:

Recent Literature on Ceratopogonidae

Taxonomy & Morphology
Ecology & Methodology
Bluetongue Virus & Other Pathogens




Announcements:


1.
. Postdoctoral Position Available
-From Dr. Walter Tabachnick:


I would appreciate if you would alert appropriate candidates to an available Postdoctoral Position in my laboratory
at the University of Florida's Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory in Vero Beach. 

This position will study the genetics and environmental parameters that influence vector competence of several species
of Culex for West Nile virus. The work will provide experience in genetics, molecular biology and arbovirology in
collaboration with several FMEL faculty. This is part of a multidisciplinary program involving field and laboratory
work on WN epidemiology in Florida. 

Please have candidates send me a letter of application, graduate transcripts, resume, and three letters of reference.
Applications will be reviewed until the position is filled.


Walter J. Tabachnick, Ph.D.
Director, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
Professor of Entomology and Nematology
University of Florida - IFAS
200 9th St, SE
Vero Beach, FL 32962
Tel. (772)778-7200 ext. 124
Fax: (772)778-7205
http://fmel.ifas.ufl.edu
FMEL Encephalitis Information System (EIS)
http://eis.ifas.ufl.edu/


2. Biting Fly Workshop 2004
-by Steve Murphree


The 2004 Biting Fly Workshop (BFW) was held 24-27 May, 2004 at Wakulla Springs, Florida. Traditionally, the
BFW has been a meeting for entomologists working on Ceratopogonidae and Tabanidae but those working on other
Diptera have also been welcome. This year’s meeting was well attended and participants heard excellent presentations
ranging from talks about collecting trips to Central and South America to molecular identification techniques to the use
of new collecting equipment (e.g., Mosquito Magnet®). John Epler, who lives near Wakulla Springs, provided
seasonal information regarding Culicoides and other biting midges known from the area.

Numerous ceratopogonid and tabanid specimens were collected and lists are being prepared and hopefully submitted
in manuscripts to the Florida Entomologist. [A big thanks to Bill Grogan who identified all of the specimens which I
collected in my CDC and New Jersey light traps.] I hope to publish the dates and location of the 2005 BFW in the
May, 2005 issue of this newsletter.

Wakulla Springs is about 20 miles south of Florida’s capital, Tallahassee and east of Highway 319. The BFW met
there in 1980 when it was a private hotel and preserve. Field trips ranged from walks at Wakulla Springs to trips into
the Apalachicola National Forest just west of Wakulla Springs and to Bristol, FL and the Apalachicola Bluffs Natural
Area of the Nature Conservancy. Many thanks to Jim Cilek who hosted this meeting. His contact information is below.

Jim Cilek
J. A. Mulrennan Sr. Entomol. Res. Lab.,
4000 Frankford Ave.,
Florida A & M,
Panama City, FL 32405-1933. 850-872-4184, ext. 27
cilek_J@popmail.firn.edu

3. International Congress of Dipterology - 2006

The 6th International Congress of Dipterology will be held at the Fukuoka International Congress Center, Fukuoka,
Japan, 23-28 September 2006. The scientific program will include symposia, workshops and poster sessions.
Themes of the scientific sessions will include:

  ・Morphology, physiology and Ultra structure
  ・Medical, Veterinary and Forensic Diptera
  ・Agricultural Diptera
  ・Behavior and Ecology
  ・Biodiversity and Conservation
  ・Systematics and Phylogeny
  ・Genetics and Genomics
  ・Collections and Databases

Please visit the following websites for details about expected costs, accommodations, etc.:

Main website: http://apollon.nta.co.jp/6icd
NADS website: http://www.nadsdiptera.org/ICD/ICDhome.htm


Obituary:

Passing of Angus McCrae

Please note the death of:

Dr. A.W.R. McCrae
71 Thame Road
Warborough
Oxfordshire OX10 7EA
UK

Angus died on 15th August 2004 in Wallingford, Oxfordshire. He is survived by a son, Duncan.

Best wishes,

James Brooks,
Thesaurus Manager
CAB International,
Wallingford
Oxon, OX10 8DE, UK



New CIE Subscribers/Address Changes:


New Subscribers:

Dr. George Poinar
Dept. Zoology,
Oregon State University,
Corvallis, OR 97331

e-mail: poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu

Mrs. Debjani Gangopadhyay
4, Bidhan Sishu Sarani,
Flat – N1, E2, Bidhan Niwas
Kolkata – 700 054
West Bengal, India

e-mail: manas_ganguly@vsnl.net
+91 (033) 2337-9172

Julian de la Rosa

Dominican Ambassador on Science and Technology
Prol. Rafael Hernadez 29
Santo Domingo Naco.
Dominican Republic

e-mail: jdelarosa@SEREX.gov.do
Tel: (809) 542 7372
Fax: (809) 540 3024


Karien Labuschagne
Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute
P.O. Box 12517
Onderstepoort, 0110
REPUBLIC of SOUTH AFRICA

e-mail: LabuschagneK@arc.agric.za
telephone: 27-12-5299177
Fax: 27-12-5299180

T.N Athmaram
Dept.of Biotechnology and Microbiology
Jnanabhararthi campus
Bangalore University ,
Bangalore-560 056,
INDIA

e-mail: athmabiotech@yahoo.com
telephone: 91-080-3214001 ext-252/310


Address Changes:

Dr Alison Blackwell
APS Advanced Pest Solutions Ltd.
Institute of Cell Biology
University of Edinburgh
Darwin Building
King's Buildings
Edinburgh
EH9 3JR
Tel. +44 (0)131 6513328
Mob +44 (0)7876 495737
Fax. +44 (0)870 458 3844

ablackwell@advancedpestsolutions.co.uk
www.advancedpestsolutions.co.uk

Gert J. Venter
e-mail: venterg@arc.agric.za

Dr. John Boorman
e-mail: john.boorman2@btinternet.com

Dr. Yehuda Braverman
e-mail: ronab@bezeqint.net or yehu_brav@hotmail.com

Dr. Daniel J. Dobbert
Biota Environmental Services International,Inc.
11 Chantilly Lane
Hilton Head Island, SC 29926-2240
e-mail: ddobbert@tekhelp.f9.co.uk

Dr. Shigeo Kitaoka
e-mail: kitaoka6655@hotmail.com

Dr. Gustavo Perruolo

e-mail: perruolo@unet.edu.ve






Contributions from Ceratopogonid Scientists:


Dr. Daniel V. Hagan, Ph.D.         dhagan@GeorgiaSouthern.edu
Professor of Biology                     www.GeorgiaSouthern.edu/~dhagan
Georgia Southern University

I want to pass on a note about a work published July 2004 in Entomologica Fennica that may be of interest to Dipterists.

Karl H. Thunes*, John Skartveit, Ivar Gjerde, Josef Stary, Torstein Solhψy, Arne Fjellberg, Sverre Kobro, Sueo Nakahara,
Richard zur Strassen, Gijsbertus Vierbergen, Ryszard Szadziewski, Daniel V. Hagan,William L. Grogan Jr., Terje Jonassen,
Kjetil Aakra, Johannes Anonby, Lita Greve, Berend Aukema, Kai Heller, Verner Michelsen, Jean-Paul Haenni, Alexandr F.
Emeljanov, Per Douwes, Kai Berggren, Jutta Franzen, R. Henry L. Disney, Sabine Prescher, Kjell A. Johanson, Boris
Mamaev, Sigitas Podenas, Stig Andersen, Stephen D. Gaimari, Emilia Nartshuk, Geir E. E. Sψli, Laszlo Papp, Fred Midtgaard,
Arild Andersen, Michael von Tschirnhaus, Gerhard Bδchli, KjellM. Olsen, Hans Olsvik, Mihαly Fφldvαri, Jan E. Raastad, Lars
O. Hansen & Per Djursvoll. 2004: The arthropod community of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) canopies in Norway.—
Entomol. Fennica 15: 65–90.

Abstract: We summarise the findings of arthropods collected by fogging the canopy of 24 pine trees in two sites in Eastern
and Western Norway. From the samples, taken in 1998 and in 1999, almost 30,000 specimens were determined to 512
species, with Diptera being most species rich (210 species), followed by Coleoptera (76 species) and Araneae (49 species).
Of the 96 new species records, nine were new to science (5 Diptera and 4 Oribatida), two were new to the European, three
to the Scandinavian and 82 to the Norwegian faunas. The paper demonstrates the need for detailed faunistical inventories of
European forests.

It may be particularly remarkable to dipterists that seventy-eight of the 210 dipterous species (37.1%) were new to the
Norwegian fauna. Of these, five were new to Scandinavia, one new to Europe and five new to science. Among the Diptera,
the families Ceratopogonidae and Phoridae showed an extraordinary high number of new faunistical records. Of the 78 new
records, 44 were ceratopogonids (56.4%), including two species new to science. Rysgard Szadziewski, William L. Grogan
Jr., and I worked on the ceratopogonid component of the Diptera.

The work is available (downloadable) as a “.pdf” file at http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/~dhagan/EntomologFen.July04.pdf

Best regards,
Dan Hagan


Art Borkent                                 e-mail: aborkent@jetstream.net
Salmon Arm, British Columbia
Canada


This notice is to let all my colleagues know that I will be off on a 9 month sabbatical from Sept. 21 to June 30, 2005 and
largely incommunicado during that time. I plan to spend 3 months in Central America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua and
Guatemala) followed by 6 months on Hornby Island off the west coast of British Columbia to write, write and write,
without any distractions. I'll look forward to renewed contact with many of you when I return!

The following have been recently published:

Spinelli, G.R. and A. Borkent. 2004. A new species and first record of Forcipomyia (Schizoforcipomyia) Chan and
    LeRoux from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 572:1-8. This paper freely available at
    http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

Borkent, A. and D.A. Craig. 2004. Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living
    in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny
    (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates 3449: 1-67.

Borkent, A. and A. Picado. 2004. Distinctive new species of Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from
    Costa Rica. Zootaxa 637:1-68. This paper freely available at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/



Recent Literature:

Taxonomy and Morphology


Blackwell, A. 2004.
A morphological investigation of Culicoides spp. biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from
    the Caribbean. Journal of Vector Ecology 29(1): 51-61.

Borkent, A. and D. A. Craig. 2004.
Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a lower cretaceous genus of biting midges yet
    living in western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny
    (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates 3449: 1-67.

Borkent, A. and A. Picado. 2004. Distinctive new species of Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from
    Costa Rica. Zootaxa 637: 1-68.

Grogan, W. L., Spinelli, G. R., Phillips, R.A. and D. L. Woodward. 2004.
The male of Culicoides reevesi Wirth,
    with a redescription of the female and new seasonal activity, distribution, and biting records (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae)
    Western North American Naturalist 64(4):433-438.

Marino, P. I. and G. R. Spinelli. 2004. Descriptions of the Patagonian species of the subgenus Trichohelea of
    Forcipomyia
, with a key to the Neotropical species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Journal of Natural History
    38(17): 2251-2262.

Marino, P. I. and G. R. Spinelli. 2004.
Further notes on the subgenus Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) from Argentinean
    patagonia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Transactions of the American Entomological Society (Philadelphia) 130(1):
    147-154.

Perruolo, G.L. 2004. Nueva especie de Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), de la region Andina, Venezuela. Boletin
    de malariologia y Saneamiento Ambiental
XLI (1 &2).

Ritchie, A., Blackwell, A., Malloch, G. and B. Fenton. 2004.
Heterogeneity of ITS1 sequences in the biting midge
    Culicoides impunctatus
(Goetghebuer) suggests a population in Argyll, Scotland, may be genetically distinct. Genome
    47(3): 546-558.

Spinelli, G. R. and A. Borkent. 2004. A new species and first record of the subgenus Forcipomyia (Schizoforcipomyia)
    Chan & LeRoux from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Zootaxa 572:1-8.

Spinelli, G. R. and C. G. Cazorla. 2004.
A new species of Brachypogon (Isohelea) from arid zones of Argentina (Diptera:
    Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 570: 1-6.

Spinelli, G. R. and C. G. Cazorla. 2004. New findings of species of the tribe Palpomyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in
    Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 62(3-4): 46-48.

Szadziewski, R. and A. Borkent. 2003.
New synonyms, combinations and records of biting midges (Diptera:
    Ceratopogonidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 72(3):249-260.

Szadziewski, R. and A. Arillo. 2003. The oldest fossil record of the extant subgenus Leptoconops (Leptoconops)
    (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (Oct.): 271-275.



Ecology and Methodology

Bernotienė, Rasa. 2003. Black Fly and Biting Midges (Diptera: Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae), Peculiarities of Their
    Distribution and Development in Lithuania. Ph.D. Dissertation. Institute of Ecology, Vilnius University. [thanks
    to Larry Hribar for providing this citation-ed]

Bishop, A. L., Worrall, R., Spohr, L. J., McKenzie, H. J. and I. M. Barchia. 2004. Response of Culicoides spp. (Diptera:
    Ceratopogonidae) to light-emitting diodes. Australian Journal of Entomology 43(Part 2): 184-188.

Bishop A. L., Spohr L. J. and I. M. Barchia. 2004.
Effects of altitude, distance and waves of movement on the dispersal in
    Australia of the arbovirus vector, Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Preventative Veterinary
    Medicine
65(3-4):135-45.

Blackwell, A. and S. J. Page. 2003.
Biting midges and tourism in Scotland. Managing Tourist Health and Safety in the New
    Millennium. Advances in Tourism Research:177-196.

Burian, S.K. 1985.
An analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrate community of a fluctuating river-reservoir zone in middle
    Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 60: 79-84. [many thanks to Larry Hribar for finding this citation
    referencing Ceratopogonidae not previously included in CIE – ed]

Campbell, C. L., Mummey, D. L., Schmidtmann, E. T. and W. C. Wilson. 2004.
Culture-independent analysis of midgut
    microbiota in the arbovirus vector Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology
    41(3):340-348.

Cetre-Sossah, C., Baldet, T., Delecolle, J.C., Mathieu, B., Perrin, A., Grillet, C. and E. Albina. 2004.
Molecular
    detection of Culicoides spp. and Culicoides imicola, the principal vector of bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) in        
    Africa and Europe. Veterinary Research 35(3):325-337.

Cushman, R.M., P.J. Franco, J.C. Goyer, & P.A. Lesslie. 1986.
Production ecology of invertebrates in small experimental
    ponds. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 61: 80-84. [many thanks to Larry Hribar for finding this citation
    referencing Ceratopogonidae not previously included in CIE – ed]

Hribar, L. J., Vlach, J. J., DeMay, D. J., James, S. S., Fahey, J. S. and E. M. Fussell. 2004.
Mosquito larvae (Culicidae) and
    other Diptera associated with containers, storm drains, and sewage treatment plants in the Florida Keys, Monroe County,
    Florida. Florida Entomologist 87(2): 199-203. [Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata Waugh and Wirth is reported as very common
    in a variety of artificial containers, Ed.]

Langner, K. F., Greiser-Wilke, I., Schlote, S., Heselhaus, J. and W. Leibold. 2004.
Isolation and initial characterization
    of a protein from Culicoides nubeculosus relevant to summer eczema in horses. International Journal of Medical
    Microbiology
293 (Suppl. 38): 66.

Mraz, R. and I. Orszagh. 1998.
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected by light trap on
    the right bank of the Danube in Bratislava (Slovakia). Biologia, Bratislava 53:239-246.

Paradise, C.J. 2004.
Relationship of water and leaf litter variability to insects inhabiting treeholes. Journal of the North
    American Benthological Society
23: 793-805.

Podlipaev, S., Votypka, J., Jirku, M., Svobodova, M. and J. Lukes. 2004. Herpetomonas ztiplika n. sp. (Kinetoplastida:
    Trypanosomatidae): A parasite of the blood-sucking biting midge Culicoides kibunensis Tokunaga, 1937 (Diptera:
    Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Parasitology 90(2): 342-347.

Richardson, M. 2004.
Causes and effective management of insect bites in the UK. Nursing Times 100(22):63-5, 67.
    [Review].

Thunes, K.H., Skartveit, J., Gjerde, I., Star, J., Solhoy, T., Fjellberg, A., Kobro, S., Nakahara, S., zur Strassen, R.,
    Vierbergen, G., Szadziewski, R., Hagan, D., Grogan, W.L., Jonassen, T., Aakra, K., Anonby, J., Greve, L., Aukema, B.,
    Heller, K., Michelsen, V., Haenni, J.-P., Emeljanov, A.F., Douwes, P., Berggren, K., Franzen, J., Disney, R.H.L.,    
    Prescher, S., Johanson, K.A., Mamaev, B., Podenas, S., Andersen, S., Gaimari, S.D., Nartshuk, E., Soli, G.E.E.,
    Papp, L., Midtgaard, F., Andersen, A., von Tschirnhaus, M., Bachli, G., Olsen, K.M., Olsvik, H., Foldvari, M.,
    Raastad, J.E., Hansen L.O. and P. Djursvoll. 2004.
The arthropod community of Scots pin (Pinus sylvestris L.) canopies
    in Norway. Entomologica Fennica 15: 65-90.

Unkles, S. E., Marriott C., Kinghorn, J. R., Panter C. and A. Blackwell. 2004. Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus,
    Culicinomyces clavisporus against larvae of the biting midge, Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).
    Biocontrol Science and Technology 14(4): 397-401.

Yeruham I., Perl S. and Y. Braverman Y. 2004.
Seasonal allergic dermatitis in sheep associated with Ctenocephalides and
    Culicoides bites. Veterinary Dermatology (6):377-80.



Bluetongue Virus and Other Pathogens


Alba A., Casal J. and M. Domingo. 2004
. Possible introduction of bluetongue into the Balearic Islands, Spain, in 2000 via
air streams. Veterinary Record 155(15):460-461.


Baldet, T., Delecolle, J.-C., Mathieu, B., Perrin, A., Grillet, C., and E. Albina. 2004.
Molecular detection of Culicoides
spp. and Culicoides imicola, the principal vector of bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) in Africa
and Europe AU Cetre-Sossah, Catherine. Veterinary Research (Les Ulis) 35(3): 325-337

Breard, E., Hamblin, C., Hammoumi, S., Sailleau, C., Dauphin, G. and S. Zientara. 2004. The epidemiology and
diagnosis of bluetongue with particular reference to Corsica. Research in Veterinary Science 77(1): 1-8.


Butan, C., van der Zandt, H. and P. A. Tucker. 2004.
Structure and assembly of the RNA binding domain of bluetongue
virus non-structural protein 2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279(36): 37613-37621.

De La Rocque ,S., Michel, V., Plazanet, D. and R. Pin. 2004. Remote sensing and epidemiology: examples of applications

for two vector-borne diseases (Review). Comparative Immunology and Microbiology of Infectious Disease 27(5):
331-41. [Review].

Gaydos, J.K., Crum, J.M., Davidson, W.R., Cross, S.S., Owen, S.F. and D.E. Stallknecht. 2004.
Epizootiology of an
epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak in West Virginia. Journal of Wildlife Disease 40(3):383-93.


Grossi, A., Lacetera, N. and B. Ronchi. 2004.
Administration of Thuya occidentalis in homeopathic dilution in goats
vaccinated against bluetongue virus: a preliminary study. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 13: Suppl. 1: 593-596.

Han, Z. Y. and R. N. Harty. 2004. The NS3 protein of bluetongue virus exhibits viroporin-like properties. Journal of

Biological Chemistry 279(41):43092-7.

Hellgren, O., Waldenstrom, Jonas and S. Bensch. 2004.
A new PCR assay for simultaneous studies of Leucocytozoon,
Plasmodium
, and Haemoproteus from avian blood. Journal of Parasitology 90(4): 797-802.

Hoar B. R., Carpenter T.E., Singer R.S. and I. A. Gardner. 2004. Probability of introduction of exotic strains of
bluetongue virus into the U.S. and into California through importation of infected cattle. Preventative Veterinary
Medicine
66(1-4):79-91.


Hua, Qun-yi, Xiao, Rong-hai, Xu, Zi-zhong, Yang, Yun-qin, Dong-jiu, Yang, Jing-yan and Jian-jun Ha. 2004.

Expression of the major core protein vp7 of bluetongue virus in E. coli and use as a diagnostic antigen in c-ELISA.
Virologica Sinica
19(3):237-241.

Ito, A. and T. Gotanda. 2004. Field efficacy of recombinant R7 vaccine against chicken leucocytozoonosis. Journal of
Veterinary Medical Science
66(5):483-7.


Jovani R., Amo, L., Arriero, E., Krone, O., Marzal, A., Shurulinkov, P., Tomas, G., Sol, D., Hagen, J., Lopez, P.,
Martin, J., Navarro, C. and J. Torres. 2004.
Double gametocyte infections in apicomplexan parasites of birds and
reptiles. Parasitological Research 2004 (Aug. 17).

Kar, A. K., Ghosh, M. and P. Roy. 2004. Mapping the assembly pathway of Bluetongue virus scaffolding protein VP3.
Virology 324(2): 387-399

Koslowsky, S., Staubach, C., Kramer, M. and L. H. Wieler. 2004.
Risk assessment of bluetongue disease incursion
into Germany using geographic information system (GIS)[in German] Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschrift
117(5-6):214-25.

Lacetera, N. and B. Ronchi. 2004. Evaluation of antibody response and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis
following inoculation of a live attenuated bluetongue virus vaccine in goats. American Journal of Veterinary
Research
65(10):1331-1334.


Lu, L., Dong, C. and S. Guo. 2004.
Purification of bluetongue virus strain HbC by a novel co-immunoprecipitation
method.Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Yixue Ban) 25(3): 335-338
.

Markotter, W., Theron, J. and L. H. Nel. 2004.
Segment specific inverted repeat sequences in Bluetongue virus
mRNA are required for interaction with the virus non structural protein NS2 Virus Research 105(1): 1-9.

Mellor, P. S. and C. Hamblin. 2004. African horse sickness. Veterinary Research 35(4):445-466.


Nason, E. L., Rothagel, R., Mukherjee, S. K., Kar, A. K., Forzan, M., Prasad, B. V. V. and P. Roy. 2004.
Interactions
between the inner and outer capsids of bluetongue virus. Journal of Virology 78(15): 8059-8067.

Ohashi, S., Yoshida, K., Yanase, T., Kato, T. and T. Tsuda. 2004. Simultaneous detection of bovine arboviruses using
single-tube multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Virological Methods 120(1):79-85.


Orru G., Santis P. D., Solinas F., Savini G., Piras V. and V. Caporale. 2004. D
ifferentiation of Italian field and South
African vaccine strains of bluetongue virus serotype 2 using real-time PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 122(1):
37-43.

Owens, R.J., Limn, C. and P. Roy. 2004. Role of an arbovirus nonstructural protein in cellular pathogenesis and virus
release. Journal of Virology 78(12):6649-56.


Pierce, M.A., Lederer, R., Adlard, R.D. and P.J. O'Donoghue. 2004.
Pathology associated with endogenous
development of haematozoa in birds from southeast Queensland. Avian Patholology 33(4):445-450.


Purse, B. V., Tatem, A. J., Caracappa, S., Rogers, D. J., Mellor, P. S., Baylis, M. and A. Torina. 2004.
Modeling the
distributions of Culicoides bluetongue virus vectors in Sicily in relation to satellite-derived climate variables. Medical
and Veterinary Entomology
18(2):90-101.

Scheuerlein, A. and R. E. Ricklefs. 2004. Prevalence of blood parasites in European passeriform birds. Proceeding of the

Royal Society of London B Biological Science
271(1546):1363-70.

Stram, Y., Brenner, J., Braverman, Y., Banet-Noach, C., Kuznetzova, L. and M. Ginni. 2004.
Akabane virus in Israel:
a new virus lineage. Virus Research 104(1):93-7.

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